Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2009-01-08 17:24:46 UTC |
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Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:51:11 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0011567 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | - HMDB0062009
- HMDB0094684
- HMDB11567
- HMDB62009
- HMDB94684
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) |
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Description | MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) is a monoacylglyceride. A monoglyceride, more correctly known as a monoacylglycerol, is a glyceride consisting of one fatty acid chain covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through an ester linkage. Monoacylglycerol can be broadly divided into two groups; 1-monoacylglycerols (or 3-monoacylglycerols) and 2-monoacylglycerols, depending on the position of the ester bond on the glycerol moiety. Normally the 1-/3-isomers are not distinguished from each other and are termed 'alpha-monoacylglycerols', while the 2-isomers are beta-monoacylglycerols. Monoacylglycerols are formed biochemically via release of a fatty acid from diacylglycerol by diacylglycerol lipase or hormone sensitive lipase. Monoacylglycerols are broken down by monoacylglycerol lipase. They tend to be minor components only of most plant and animal tissues, and indeed would not be expected to accumulate because their strong detergent properties would have a disruptive effect on membranes. 2-Monoacylglycerols are a major end product of the intestinal digestion of dietary fats in animals via the enzyme pancreatic lipase. They are taken up directly by the intestinal cells and converted to triacylglycerols via the monoacylglycerol pathway before being transported in lymph to the liver. Mono- and Diglycerides are commonly added to commercial food products in small quantities. They act as emulsifiers, helping to mix ingredients such as oil and water that would not otherwise blend well. |
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Structure | [H][C@](O)(CO)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC InChI=1S/C21H40O4/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-21(24)25-19-20(23)18-22/h9-10,20,22-23H,2-8,11-19H2,1H3/b10-9-/t20-/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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1-(9Z-Octadecenoyl)-sn-glycerol | ChEBI | 1-Monoolein | ChEBI | MAG(18:1) | ChEBI | MAG(18:1/0:0) | ChEBI | MAG(18:1omega9/0:0) | ChEBI | MG(18:1(Omega-9)/0:0/0:0) | ChEBI | MG(18:1) | ChEBI | MG(18:1/0:0) | ChEBI | MG(18:1Omega9/0:0) | ChEBI | sn-1-Monooleoylglycerol | ChEBI | 1-(9Z)-Octadecenoyl-sn-glycerol | HMDB | Glyceryl monooleate | HMDB | Monolein | HMDB | Monoolein | HMDB | 1-Oleoyl monoglyceride | HMDB | Glycerol monooleate | HMDB | Glycerylmonooleate | HMDB | mono-Oleoylglycerol | HMDB | 1-Oleoyl-2-glycerol | HMDB | Monoelaidin | HMDB | Myverol 18-99 | HMDB | sn-1-O-(cis-9)Octadecenylglycerol | HMDB | Oleic acid monoglyceride | HMDB | 1-(9Z)-Octadecenoylglycerol | HMDB | 1-(9Z-Octadecenoyl)-rac-glycerol | HMDB | 1-Monooleoyl-rac-glycerol | HMDB | 1-Monooleoylglycerol | HMDB | 1-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol | HMDB | 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl oleate | HMDB | MG (18:1/0:0/0:0) | HMDB | 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl oleic acid | HMDB | 1-(9Z-Octadecenoyl)-glycerol | HMDB | 1-Glyceryl oleate | HMDB | 1-mono(cis-9-Octacenoyl)glycerol | HMDB | 1-Oleoylglycerol | HMDB | 1-Oleylglycerol | HMDB | 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl octadec-9-enoate | HMDB | Glycerin 1-monooleate | HMDB | Glycerol 1-(9Z-octadecenoate) | HMDB | Glycerol 1-monooleate | HMDB | Glycerol 1-oleate | HMDB | Glycerol alpha-cis-9-octadecenate | HMDB | Glycerol alpha-monooleate | HMDB | Glycerol α-cis-9-octadecenate | HMDB | Glycerol α-monooleate | HMDB | Monooleoylglycerol | HMDB | alpha-Glyceryl monooloeate | HMDB | alpha-Monoolein | HMDB | rac-1-Monoolein | HMDB | rac-1-Monooleoylglycerol | HMDB | Α-glyceryl monooloeate | HMDB | Α-monoolein | HMDB | MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) | ChEBI |
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Chemical Formula | C21H40O4 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 356.5399 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 356.292659768 |
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IUPAC Name | (2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate |
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Traditional Name | (2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate |
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CAS Registry Number | 129784-87-8 |
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SMILES | [H][C@](O)(CO)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C21H40O4/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-21(24)25-19-20(23)18-22/h9-10,20,22-23H,2-8,11-19H2,1H3/b10-9-/t20-/m0/s1 |
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InChI Key | RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-QJRAZLAKSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1-monoacylglycerols. These are monoacylglycerols containing a glycerol acylated at the 1-position. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Glycerolipids |
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Sub Class | Monoradylglycerols |
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Direct Parent | 1-monoacylglycerols |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - 1-acyl-sn-glycerol
- Fatty acid ester
- Fatty acyl
- 1,2-diol
- Carboxylic acid ester
- Secondary alcohol
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Primary alcohol
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Alcohol
- Organic oxide
- Organooxygen compound
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Not Available | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatizedDerivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0),1TMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](CO)O[Si](C)(C)C | 2740.0 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0),1TMS,isomer #2 | CCCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)CO[Si](C)(C)C | 2751.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0),2TMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](CO[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C | 2773.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0),1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](CO)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2973.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0),1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CCCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2986.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0),2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 3227.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 |
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Spectra |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) GC-MS (2 TMS) | splash10-0ufr-3941000000-863ed9a1a307beb4a1a8 | 2019-05-14 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-01ot-8950000000-35c590cce9dff8869298 | 2019-05-14 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0ufs-1900000000-ecd5f6a96f0e3005d450 | 2019-05-14 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0f79-9561400000-65fdf1d5087668734b1e | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOF | splash10-0532-0069000000-8ebd454263638be9a356 | 2019-05-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOF | splash10-06rt-0069000000-0ca2c02d94f2434099c9 | 2019-05-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOF | splash10-001i-0094000000-ae9df2b39a5a3e609d9e | 2019-05-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOF | splash10-052b-0069000000-1b2499b87288e3a0cc7c | 2019-05-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOF | splash10-052b-0069000000-61627df65991c534b2fb | 2019-05-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOF | splash10-0gb9-0013649000-09e4a7f8726d9fa56e6d | 2019-05-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-0013549000-913cbee00d9ce0f8129d | 2019-05-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-0002-0059000000-a485dc334652f9d25ebf | 2019-05-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-054k-0049000000-3cce669ed7aca2869e31 | 2019-05-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-0009000000-6278c7e8ab10862172da | 2017-10-04 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-0009000000-6278c7e8ab10862172da | 2017-10-04 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0boi-0069000000-468bbe23a7c3125ab01c | 2017-10-04 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-0009000000-c35afa1f2479930b2418 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-0009000000-c35afa1f2479930b2418 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0680-0089000000-0d3d009492bb5cb3f2b1 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-05n0-2269000000-4fff3bb6a24f2a0beb77 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0ay0-9263000000-069972941f75eddc96d2 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9100000000-bfb3ebbea1cc4c8a0ad4 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-5079000000-e8ccad4a3c18056ac6b2 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-8090000000-7e2a8adebf22919a2fe1 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-08gi-7590000000-38b0c528946170649718 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03di-0009000000-3e06c1dacd9c837d80c1 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03di-0009000000-3e06c1dacd9c837d80c1 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0) 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-01ot-9005000000-48fba455c0b8fab5bfb2 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | |
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Biospecimen Locations | |
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Tissue Locations | |
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 170 +/- 170 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal Cancer | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | Colorectal cancer |
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- Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
- Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
- Wang X, Wang J, Rao B, Deng L: Gut flora profiling and fecal metabolite composition of colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals. Exp Ther Med. 2017 Jun;13(6):2848-2854. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4367. Epub 2017 Apr 20. [PubMed:28587349 ]
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Associated OMIM IDs | |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | FDB028280 |
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KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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Chemspider ID | 23010051 |
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KEGG Compound ID | Not Available |
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BioCyc ID | CPD-11690 |
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BiGG ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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METLIN ID | Not Available |
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PubChem Compound | 12178130 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 75757 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | Not Available |
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MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available |
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General References | - Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
- Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
- Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
- Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
- Ghosh S, Strum JC, Bell RM: Lipid biochemistry: functions of glycerolipids and sphingolipids in cellular signaling. FASEB J. 1997 Jan;11(1):45-50. [PubMed:9034165 ]
- Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.
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