| DrugBank | The DrugBank database is a blended bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information. The database contains over 7,800 drug entries including nearly 2,200 FDA-approved small molecule drugs, 340 FDA-approved biotech (protein/peptide) drugs, 93 nutraceuticals and >5,000 experimental drugs. DrugBank also contains extensive SNP-drug data that is useful for pharmacogenomics studies. |
| Therapeutic Target DB | The Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) is a drug database designed to provide information about the known therapeutic protein and nucleic acid targets described in the literature, the targeted disease conditions, the pathway information and the corresponding drugs/ligands directed at each of these targets. The database currently contains 2,025 targets, 17,816 drugs, and 3,681 multi-target agents. |
| PharmGKB | The PharmGKB database is a central repository for genetic, genomic, molecular and cellular phenotype data and clinical information about people who have participated in pharmacogenomics research studies. The data includes, but is not limited to, clinical and basic pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenomic research in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, cancer, pathways, metabolic and transporter domains. Its aim is to aid researchers in understanding how genetic variation among individuals contributes to differences in reactions to drugs. PharmGKB contains searchable data on genes (>20,000), diseases (>3000), drugs (>2500) and pathways (53). It also has detailed information on 470 genetic variants (SNP data) affecting drug metabolism. |
| STITCH | STITCH ('search tool for interactions of chemicals') is a searchable database that integrates information about interactions from metabolic pathways, crystal structures, binding experiments and drug–target relationships. Text mining and chemical structure similarity is used to predict relations between chemicals. Each proposed interaction can be traced back to the original data sources. STITCH contains interactions for between 300,000 small molecules and 2.6 million proteins from 1,133 organisms. |
| SuperTarget | SuperTarget is a database that contains a core dataset of about 7300 drug-target relations of which 4900 interactions have been subjected to a more extensive manual annotation effort. SuperTarget provides tools for 2D drug screening and sequence comparison of the targets. The database contains more than 2500 target proteins, which are annotated with about 7300 relations to 1500 drugs; the vast majority of entries have pointers to the respective literature source. A subset of 775 more extensively annotated drugs is provided separately through the Matador database (Manually Annotated Targets And Drugs Online Resource) |
| SMPDB | SMPDB (The Small Molecule Pathway Database) is an interactive, visual database containing more than 618 small molecule pathways found in humans. More than 70% of these pathways (>433) are not found in any other pathway database. The pathways include metabolic, drug, and disease pathways. |
| KEGG | KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is one of the most complete and widely used databases containing metabolic pathways (495 reference pathways) from a wide variety of organisms (>4,700). These pathways are hyperlinked to metabolite and protein/enzyme information. Currently KEGG has >17,000 compounds (from animals, plants and bacteria), 10,000 drugs (including different salt forms and drug carriers) and nearly 11,000 glycan structures. |
| MetaCyc | MetaCyc is a database of nonredundant, experimentally elucidated metabolic pathways. MetaCyc contains 2453 pathways from 2788 different organisms. MetaCyc is curated from the scientific experimental literature and contains pathways involved in both primary and secondary metabolism, as well as associated compounds, enzymes, and genes. |
| HumanCyc | HumanCyc is a bioinformatics database that describes the human metabolic pathways and the human genome. The current version of HumanCyc was constructed using Build 31 of the human genome. The resulting pathway/genome database (PGDB) includes information on 28,783 genes, their products and the metabolic reactions and pathways they catalyze. |
| BioCyc | BioCyc is a collection of 7,615 Pathway/Genome Databases. Each database in the BioCyc collection describes the genome and metabolic pathways of a single organism. The databases within the BioCyc collection are organized into tiers according to the amount of manual review and updating they have received. Tier 1 DBs have been created through intensive manual efforts and include EcoCyc, MetaCyc and the BioCyc Open Compounds Database (BOCD). BOCD includes metabolites, enzyme activators, inhibitors, and cofactors derived from hundreds of organisms. Tier 2 and Tier 3 databases contain computationally predicted metabolic pathways, as well as predictions as to which genes code for missing enzymes in metabolic pathways, and predicted operons. |
| Reactome | Reactome is a curated, peer-reviewed knowledgbase of biological pathways, including metabolic pathways as well as protein trafficking and signaling pathways. Reactome includes several types of reactions in its pathway diagram collection including experimentally confirmed, manually inferred and electronically inferred reactions. Reactome has pathway data on more than 20 different organisms but the primary organism of interest is Homo sapiens. Reactome has data and pathway diagrams for >9,600 proteins, 9,800 reactions and 2,000 pathways for humans. |
| Path Bank | PathBank is an interactive, visual database containing more than 100 000 machine-readable pathways found in model organisms such as humans, mice, E. coli, yeast, and Arabidopsis thaliana. The majority of these pathways are not found in any other pathway database. PathBank is designed specifically to support pathway elucidation and pathway discovery in metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and systems biology. |
| PubChem | PubChem is a freely available database of chemical structures of small organic molecules and information on their biological activities. It contains structure, nomenclature and calculated physico-chemical data and is linked with NIH PubMed/Entrez information. PubChem is organized as three linked databases within the NCBI's Entrez information retrieval system. These are PubChem Substance, PubChem Compound, and PubChem BioAssay. PubChem also provides a fast chemical structure similarity search tool. PubChem has >90 million unique chemical structures. |
| ChEBI | Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) is a freely available dictionary of molecular entities focused on 'small' chemical compounds. The chemical entities in ChEBI are either products of nature (metabolites) or synthetic products used to intervene in the processes of living organisms (drugs or toxins). ChEBI contains structure and nomenclature information along with hyperlinks to many well-regarded databases. ChEBI uses a carefully developed ontological classification, whereby the relationships between molecular entities or classes of entities and their parents and/or children are precisely specified. ChEBI has >15,500 chemical entities in its database. |
| ChemSpider | ChemSpider is an aggregated database of organic molecules containing more than 55 million compounds from many different providers. At present the database contains information from such diverse sources as a marine natural products database, ACD-Labs chemical databases, the EPA's DSSTox databases and from a series of chemical vendors. It has extensive search utilities and most compounds have a large number of calculated physico-chemical property values. |
| KEGG Glycan | The KEGG GLYCAN database is a collection of experimentally determined glycan structures. It contains all unique structures taken from CarbBank, structures entered from recent publications, and structures present in KEGG pathways. KEGG Glycan has >11,000 glycan structures from a large number of eukaryotic and prokaryotic sources. |
| Exposome-Explorer | Exposome-Explorer is the first database dedicated to biomarkers of exposure to environmental risk factors for diseases. It contains detailed information on the nature of biomarkers, populations and subjects where measured, samples analyzed, methods used for biomarker analyses, concentrations in biospecimens, correlations with external exposure measurements, and biological reproducibility over time. |
| The Toxic Exposome Database (TEDB) | TEDB is a database of common toxins and their associated toxin targets. It contains detailed target and compound information similar to DrugBank, including structure, properties, mechanism of action, gene/protein sequence, and associated SNPs. |
| FooDB | FooDB is the world’s largest and most comprehensive resource on food constituents, chemistry and biology. It provides information on both macronutrients and micronutrients, including many of the constituents that give foods their flavor, color, taste, texture and aroma. |
| Phenol-Explorer | Phenol-Explorer is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods. The database contains more than 35,000 content values for 500 different polyphenols in over 400 foods. These data are derived from the systematic collection of more than 60,000 original content values found in more than 1,300 scientific publications. Each of these publications has been critically evaluated before inclusion in the database. |
| HMDB | The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body. It contains experimental MS/MS data for over 5,700 compounds, experimental 1H and 13C NMR data (and assignments) for over 1,300 compounds and GC/MS spectral and retention index data for more than 780 compounds. Additionally, predicted 1H and 13C NMR spectra have been generated for 3100 compounds. All spectral databases are downloadable and searchable. |
| BMRB | The BioMagResBank (BMRB) is the central repository for experimental NMR spectral data, primarily for macromolecules. The BMRB also contains a recently established subsection for metabolite data. The current metabolomics database contains structures, structure viewing applets, nomenclature data, extensive 1D and 2D spectral peak lists (from 1D, TOCSY, DEPT, HSQC experiments), raw spectra and FIDs for over 1,200 molecules. The data is both searchable and downloadable. |
| MMCD | The Madison Metabolomics Consortium Database (MMCD) is a database on small molecules of biological interest gathered from electronic databases and the scientific literature. It contains approximately 10,000 metabolite entries and experimental spectral data on about 500 compounds. Each metabolite entry in the MMCD is supported by information in an average of 50 separate data fields, which provide the chemical formula, names and synonyms, structure, physical and chemical properties, NMR and MS data on pure compounds under defined conditions where available, NMR chemical shifts determined by empirical and/or theoretical approaches, information on the presence of the metabolite in different biological species, and extensive links to images, references, and other public databases. |
| MassBank | MassBank is a mass spectral database of experimentally acquired high resolution MS spectra of metabolites. Maintained and supported by he JST-BIRD project, it offers various query methods for standard spectra obtained from Keio University, RIKEN PSC, and other Japanese research institutions. It is officially sanctioned bythe Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. The database has very detailed MS data and excellent spectral/structure searching utilities. More than 41,000 spectra are available. |
| Golm Metabolome Database | The Golm Metabolome Database provides public access to custom GC/MS libraries which are stored as Mass Spectral (MS) and Retention Time Index (RI) Libraries (MSRI). These libraries of mass spectral and retention time indices can be used with the NIST/AMDIS software to identify metabolites according their spectral tags and RI's. The libraries are both searchable and downloadable and have been carefully collected under defined conditions on several types of GC/MS instruments (quadrupole and TOF). |
| Metlin | The METLIN Metabolite Database is a repository for mass spectral metabolite data. All metabolites are neutral or free acids. It is a collaborative effort between the Siuzdak and Abagyan groups and Center for Mass Spectrometry at The Scripps Research Institute. METLIN is searchable by compound name, mass, formula or structure. It contains over 240,000 metabolites and 72,000 high resolution MS/MS spectra. METLIN contains MS/MS, LC/MS and FTMS data that can be searched by peak lists, mass range, biological source or disease. |
| Fiehn GC-MS Database | This library contains data on 1,000 compounds (name, structure, CAS ID, other links) for which GC/MS data (spectra and retention indices) have been collected by the Fiehn laboratory. A locally maintain program called BinBase/Bellerophon filters input GC/MS spectra and uses the spectral library to identify compounds. The actual GC/MS library is available from several different GC/MS vendors. |
| mzCloud | mzCloud is a freely searchable collection of manually curated and recalibrated high-resolution tandem mass spectra of endogenous metabolites, pharmaceuticals and environmental contaminants acquired using CID and HCD techniques. MSn spectra are acquired under a number of experimental conditions and are organized into spectral trees. Precursor structures and spectral peaks are annotated by heuristic and quantum chemical methods. |
| NP-MRD | The NP-MRD accepts raw (time domain data, processed spectra, assigned chemical shifts, J-couplings, RDCs, etc.), and meta-data (structures, sources, methods, taxonomy, geospatial data, etc) from natural products ranging from purified substances to crude extracts, in all major solvents. The NP-MRD includes NPs such as vitamins, minerals, and probiotics as well as small molecules derived from plants, fungi, bacteria, marine organisms, or animals. The NP-MRD accepts, converts, and stores all major vendor NMR formats and all major NMR data exchange formats from all common NMR experiments as well as new/uncommon NMR experiments or data sets. |
| CFM-ID | CFM-ID provides a method for accurately and efficiently identifying metabolites in spectra generated by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The program uses Competitive Fragmentation Modeling to produce a probabilistic generative model for the MS/MS fragmentation process and machine learning techniques to adapt the model parameters from data. |
| OMIM | Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a comprehensive compendium of human genes and genetic phenotypes. The full-text, referenced overviews in OMIM contain information on all known Mendelian disorders and over 15,000 genes. OMIM focuses on the relationship between phenotype and genotype. It is updated daily, and the entries contain many links to other genetics resources. OMIM contains nearly 4,800 single gene disorders and traits as well as 5,800 phenotypes for which the molecular basis is known. |
| METAGENE | METAGENE is a knowledgebase for inborn errors of metabolism providing information about the disease, genetic cause, treatment and the characteristic metabolite concentrations or clinical tests that may be used to diagnose or monitor the condition. It has data on 431 genetic diseases. |
| OMMBID | OMMBID or the On-Line Metabolic and Molecular Basis to Inherited Disease is an web-accessible book/encyclopedia describing the genetics, metabolism, diagnosis and treatment of hundreds of metabolic disorders contributed from hundreds of experts. It also contains extensive reviews, detailed pathways, chemical structures, physiological data and tables that are particularly useful for clinical biochemists. Most university libraries have subscriptions to this resource. OMMBID was originally developed by Charles Scriver at McGill. |
| HMDB | The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found (and experimentally verified) in the human body. The database contains three kinds of data: 1) chemical data, 2) clinical data, and 3) molecular biology/biochemistry data. HMDB contains information on more than 41,000 metabolites. Additionally, approximately 6,000 protein (and DNA) sequences are linked to these metabolite entries. Each MetaboCard entry contains more than 100 data fields with 2/3 of the information being devoted to chemical/clinical data and the other 1/3 devoted to enzymatic or biochemical data. Many data fields are hyperlinked to other databases (KEGG, PubChem, MetaCyc, ChEBI, PDB, Swiss-Prot, and GenBank) and a variety of structure and pathway viewing applets. |
| BiGG | The BiGG database is a metabolic reconstruction of human metabolism designed for systems biology simulation and metabolic flux balance modeling. It is a comprehensive literature-based genome-scale metabolic reconstruction that accounts for the functions of 1,496 ORFs, 2,004 proteins, 2,766 metabolites, and 3,311 metabolic and transport reactions. It was assembled from build 35 of the human genome. |
| SYSTOMONAS | SYSTOMONAS (SYSTems biology of pseudOMONAS) is a database for systems biology studies of Pseudomonas species. It contains extensive transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic data as well as metabolic reconstructions of this pathogen. Reconstruction of metabolic networks in SYSTOMONAS was achieved via comparative genomics. Broad data integration with well established databases BRENDA, KEGG and PRODORIC is also maintained. Several tools for the analysis of stored data and for the visualization of the corresponding results are provided, enabling a quick understanding of metabolic pathways, genomic arrangements or promoter structures of interest. |
