Showing metabocard for Ganglioside GM2 (d18:1/23:0) (HMDB0011912)
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| Version | 5.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Status | Expected but not Quantified | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Creation Date | 2009-03-24 16:19:07 UTC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Update Date | 2022-11-30 19:04:05 UTC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HMDB ID | HMDB0011912 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary Accession Numbers |
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| Metabolite Identification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name | Ganglioside GM2 (d18:1/23:0) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Ganglioside GM2 (d18:1/23:0) is a ganglioside. A ganglioside is a compound composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (AKA n-acetylneuraminic acid, NANA) linked on the sugar chain. The 60+ known gangliosides differ mainly in the position and number of NANA residues. It is a component of the cell plasma membrane that modulates cell signal transduction events. It appears that they concentrate in lipid rafts. They have recently been found to be highly important in immunology. Natural and semisynthetic gangliosides are considered possible therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders. Gangliosides are more complex glycosphingolipids in which oligosaccharide chains containing N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) are attached to a ceramide. NeuNAc, an acetylated derivative of the carbohydrate sialic acid, makes the head groups of Gangliosides anionic. NB: the M in GM2 stands for monosialo, i.e., one NeuNAc residue. GM2 is the second monosialo ganglioside characterized, thus the subscript 2. Their structural diversity results from variation in the composition and sequence of the sugar residues. In all Gangliosides, the ceramide is linked through its C-1 to a beta-glucosyl residue, which, in turn, is bound to a beta-galactosyl residue. (Wikipedia) Particularly, Ganglioside GM2 (d18:1/23:0) is a GM2 ganglioside. A glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) or oligoglycosylceramide with one or more sialic acids (i.e. n-acetylneuraminic acid) linked on the sugar chain. It is a component the cell plasma membrane which modulates cell signal transduction events. Gangliosides have been found to be highly important in immunology. Ganglioside GM2 carries a net-negative charge at pH 7.0 and is acidic. Gangliosides can amount to 6% of the weight of lipids from brain, but they are found at low levels in all animal tissues. G(M2) Ganglioside accumulates due to a deficiency of hexosaminidase A or B (beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase), or GM2 activator protein, resulting in Gangliosidoses. Gangliosidoses include heredity metabolic disorders that include Tay-Sachs disease and Sandhoff disease. Gangliosides GM2 is especially common in the nervous tissue of the brain. In the United States, about 1 in 27 to 1 in 30 Ashkenazi Jews is a recessive carrier. French Canadians and the Cajun community of Louisiana have an occurrence similar to the Ashkenazi Jews.Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids. There are four types of glycosphingolipids, the cerebrosides, sulfatides, globosides and gangliosides. Gangliosides are very similar to globosides except that they also contain N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA) in varying amounts. The specific names for the gangliosides provide information about their structure. The letter G refers to ganglioside, and the subscripts M, D, T and Q indicate that the molecule contains mono-, di-, tri and quatra-sialic acid. The numbered subscripts 1, 2 and 3 refer to the carbohydrate sequence that is attached to the ceramide. In particular, 1 stands for GalGalNAcGalGlc-ceramide, 2 stands for GalNAcGalGlc-ceramide and 3 stands for GalGlc-ceramide. Deficiencies in lysosomal enzymes that degrade the carbohydrate portions of various gangliosides are responsible for a number of lysosomal storage diseases such as Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and GM1 gangliosidosis. The carbohydrate portion of the ganglioside GM1 is the site of attachment of cholera toxin, the protein secreted by Vibrio cholerae. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Structure | Structure for HMDB0011912 (Ganglioside GM2 (d18:1/23:0))
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| Synonyms |
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| Chemical Formula | C73H132N2O26 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average Molecular Weight | 1453.827 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 1452.906832406 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IUPAC Name | (2S,4S,5R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2-oxopropyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-{[(2S,3R,4E)-3-hydroxy-2-tricosanamidooctadec-4-en-1-yl]oxy}-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}-5-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Name | (2S,4S,5R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2-oxopropyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-{[(2S,3R,4E)-3-hydroxy-2-tricosanamidooctadec-4-en-1-yl]oxy}-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}-5-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAS Registry Number | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SMILES | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3CC(C)=O)[C@H](O[C@@]3(C[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(C)=O)C(O3)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)C(O)=O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@H](O)\C=C\CCCCCCCCCCCCC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C73H132N2O26/c1-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-20-21-22-23-24-25-27-29-31-33-35-37-39-57(85)75-50(51(82)38-36-34-32-30-28-26-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-2)46-94-70-63(90)62(89)65(55(44-78)96-70)98-71-64(91)68(66(56(45-79)97-71)99-69-49(40-47(3)80)59(86)61(88)54(43-77)95-69)101-73(72(92)93)41-52(83)58(74-48(4)81)67(100-73)60(87)53(84)42-76/h36,38,49-56,58-71,76-79,82-84,86-91H,5-35,37,39-46H2,1-4H3,(H,74,81)(H,75,85)(H,92,93)/b38-36+/t49-,50+,51-,52+,53-,54-,55-,56-,58-,59-,60-,61+,62-,63-,64-,65-,66+,67?,68-,69+,70-,71+,73+/m1/s1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InChI Key | WDEAITNWAKFRFR-DSDNQSAHSA-N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical Taxonomy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gangliosides. These are lipid molecules composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and saccharide) with one or more sialic acids linked on the sugar chain. They are usually oligoglycosylceramides derived from lactosylceramide and containing a sialic acid residue such as N-acetylneuraminic acid. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kingdom | Organic compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class | Sphingolipids | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sub Class | Glycosphingolipids | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct Parent | Gangliosides | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative Parents |
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| Substituents |
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External Descriptors | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ontology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physiological effect | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disposition | Biological location
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| Process | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Role | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| State | Solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental Molecular Properties |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predicted Molecular Properties |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesNot Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spectra | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MS/MS Spectra
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| Biological Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cellular Locations |
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| Biospecimen Locations | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tissue Locations | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pathways |
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| Normal Concentrations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abnormal Concentrations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Associated Disorders and Diseases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disease References | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Associated OMIM IDs | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External Links | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DrugBank ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FooDB ID | FDB028581 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| KNApSAcK ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemspider ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| KEGG Compound ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BioCyc ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BiGG ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia Link | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| METLIN ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PubChem Compound | 53481188 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PDB ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ChEBI ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| VMH ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MarkerDB ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Good Scents ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| References | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synthesis Reference | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General References |
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Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 46 proteins in total.
Enzymes
- General function:
- Involved in sialyltransferase activity
- Specific function:
- Involved in the production of gangliosides GD3 and GT3 from GM3; gangliosides are a subfamily of complex glycosphinglolipds that contain one or more residues of sialic acid.
- Gene Name:
- ST8SIA1
- Uniprot ID:
- Q92185
- Molecular weight:
- 40518.655
References
- Kurz M, Brachvogel V, Matter H, Stengelin S, Thuring H, Kramer W: Insights into the bile acid transportation system: the human ileal lipid-binding protein-cholyltaurine complex and its comparison with homologous structures. Proteins. 2003 Feb 1;50(2):312-28. [PubMed:12486725 ]
- General function:
- Involved in exo-alpha-sialidase activity
- Specific function:
- Plays a role in modulating the ganglioside content of the lipid bilayer at the level of membrane-bound sialyl glycoconjugates
- Gene Name:
- NEU3
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9UQ49
- Molecular weight:
- 48251.5
References
- Kurz M, Brachvogel V, Matter H, Stengelin S, Thuring H, Kramer W: Insights into the bile acid transportation system: the human ileal lipid-binding protein-cholyltaurine complex and its comparison with homologous structures. Proteins. 2003 Feb 1;50(2):312-28. [PubMed:12486725 ]
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
- Specific function:
- Catalyzes the formation of some glycolipid via the addition of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) in alpha-1,3-linkage to some substrate. Glycolipids probably serve for adherence of some pathogens
- Gene Name:
- GBGT1
- Uniprot ID:
- Q8N5D6
- Molecular weight:
- 40126.9
- General function:
- Involved in N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol de
- Specific function:
- Involved in the second step of GPI biosynthesis. De-N-acetylation of N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol.
- Gene Name:
- PIGL
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9Y2B2
- Molecular weight:
- 28530.965
- General function:
- Involved in sialyltransferase activity
- Specific function:
- Catalyzes the formation of ganglioside GM3 (alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1, 4-beta-D-glucosylceramide).
- Gene Name:
- ST3GAL5
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9UNP4
- Molecular weight:
- 45584.69
References
- Kurz M, Brachvogel V, Matter H, Stengelin S, Thuring H, Kramer W: Insights into the bile acid transportation system: the human ileal lipid-binding protein-cholyltaurine complex and its comparison with homologous structures. Proteins. 2003 Feb 1;50(2):312-28. [PubMed:12486725 ]
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
- Specific function:
- Involved in the biosynthesis of gangliosides GM2, GD2 and GA2.
- Gene Name:
- B4GALNT1
- Uniprot ID:
- Q00973
- Molecular weight:
- 58881.78
References
- Kurz M, Brachvogel V, Matter H, Stengelin S, Thuring H, Kramer W: Insights into the bile acid transportation system: the human ileal lipid-binding protein-cholyltaurine complex and its comparison with homologous structures. Proteins. 2003 Feb 1;50(2):312-28. [PubMed:12486725 ]
- General function:
- Involved in phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
- Specific function:
- Part of the complex catalyzing the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to phosphatidylinositol, the first step of GPI biosynthesis.
- Gene Name:
- PIGQ
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9BRB3
- Molecular weight:
- 65343.25
- General function:
- Involved in biosynthetic process
- Specific function:
- Necessary for the synthesis of N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol, the very early intermediate in GPI-anchor biosynthesis.
- Gene Name:
- PIGA
- Uniprot ID:
- P37287
- Molecular weight:
- 54126.065
- General function:
- Involved in phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltr
- Specific function:
- Part of the complex catalyzing the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to phosphatidylinositol, the first step of GPI biosynthesis.
- Gene Name:
- PIGH
- Uniprot ID:
- Q14442
- Molecular weight:
- 21080.415
- General function:
- Involved in phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltr
- Specific function:
- Part of the complex catalyzing the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to phosphatidylinositol, the first step of GPI biosynthesis.
- Gene Name:
- PIGP
- Uniprot ID:
- P57054
- Molecular weight:
- 18089.055
Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 46 proteins in total.