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Showing metabocard for Glutamine (HMDB0000641)

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enzymes (28)transporters (4) Show 32 proteins
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-07-07 20:53:56 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000641
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00641
Metabolite Identification
Common NameGlutamine
DescriptionGlutamine (Gln), also known as L-glutamine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. Structurally, glutamine is similar to the amino acid glutamic acid. However, instead of having a terminal carboxylic acid, it has an amide. Glutamine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Glutamine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an aliphatic, polar amino acid. In humans glutamine is considered a non-essential amino acid. Enzymatically, glutamine is formed by replacing a side-chain hydroxyl of glutamic acid with an amine functional group. More specifically, glutamine is synthesized by the enzyme glutamine synthetase from glutamate and ammonia. The most relevant glutamine-producing tissue are skeletal muscles, accounting for about 90% of all glutamine synthesized. Glutamine is also released, in small amounts, by the lungs and brain. In human blood, glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid. Dietary sources of glutamine include protein-rich foods such as beef, chicken, fish, dairy products, eggs, beans, beets, cabbage, spinach, carrots, parsley, vegetable juices, wheat, papaya, Brussels sprouts, celery and kale. Glutamine is one of the few amino acids that can directly cross the blood-brain barrier. Glutamine is often used as a supplement in weightlifting, bodybuilding, endurance and other sports, as well as by those who suffer from muscular cramps or pain, particularly elderly people. In 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved L-glutamine oral powder, marketed as Endari, to reduce severe complications of sickle cell disease in people aged five years and older with the disorder. Subjects who were treated with L-glutamine oral powder experienced fewer hospital visits for pain treated with a parenterally administered narcotic or ketorolac. The main use of glutamine within the diet of either group is as a means of replenishing the body's stores of amino acids that have been used during exercise or everyday activities. Studies which have looked into problems with excessive consumption of glutamine thus far have proved inconclusive. However, normal supplementation is healthy mainly because glutamine is supposed to be supplemented after prolonged periods of exercise (for example, a workout or exercise in which amino acids are required for use) and replenishes amino acid stores. This is one of the main reasons glutamine is recommended during fasting or for people who suffer from physical trauma, immune deficiencies, or cancer. There is a significant body of evidence that links glutamine-enriched diets with positive intestinal effects. These include maintenance of gut barrier function, aiding intestinal cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as generally reducing septic morbidity and the symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). The reason for such "cleansing" properties is thought to stem from the fact that the intestinal extraction rate of glutamine is higher than that for other amino acids, and is therefore thought to be the most viable option when attempting to alleviate conditions relating to the gastrointestinal tract. These conditions were discovered after comparing plasma concentration within the gut between glutamine-enriched and non glutamine-enriched diets. However, even though glutamine is thought to have "cleansing" properties and effects, it is unknown to what extent glutamine has clinical benefits, due to the varied concentrations of glutamine in varieties of food. It is also known that glutamine has positive effects in reducing healing time after operations. Hospital waiting times after abdominal surgery are reduced by providing parenteral nutrition regimens containing amounts of glutamine to patients. Clinical trials have revealed that patients on supplementation regimes containing glutamine have improved nitrogen balances, generation of cysteinyl-leukotrienes from polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes and improved lymphocyte recovery and intestinal permeability (in postoperative patients) - in comparison to those who had no glutamine within their dietary regime; all without any side-effects.
Structure
Data?1676999702
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0000641 (Glutamine)


  Mrv1652309042000042D          

 10  9  0  0  1  0            999 V2000
   -2.1434   -0.1768    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4289    0.2357    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.2357    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1434   -0.1768    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -0.1768    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.2357    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145   -0.1768    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    1.0606    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7144   -1.0018    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4290    1.0607    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
 10  2  2  0  0  0  0
  3  8  2  0  0  0  0
  4  3  1  0  0  0  0
  5  3  1  0  0  0  0
  5  9  1  1  0  0  0
  6  5  1  0  0  0  0
  7  2  1  0  0  0  0
  7  6  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
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3D MOL for HMDB0000641 (Glutamine)

HMDB0000641
     RDKit          3D
L-Glutamine
 20 19  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -3.6330    0.4906    0.5621 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4583   -0.0788   -0.0185 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5530   -0.9215   -0.9387 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1098    0.3071    0.4464 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0503   -0.4406   -0.3328 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2970    0.0318    0.2262 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4045    1.4630    0.0312 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.4271   -0.6573   -0.4057 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.5092   -1.9063   -0.3432 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.3908    0.0547   -1.0619 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.6138    0.8376    1.5548 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4808    0.5380   -0.0414 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0140    1.4004    0.3077 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0489    0.1153    1.5230 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1697   -1.5276   -0.1904 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1045   -0.2202   -1.4083 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3260   -0.2268    1.3180 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.3176    1.7702    0.3995 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3518    1.6516   -0.9788 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.2120    0.4698   -0.6492 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  6  8  1  0
  8  9  2  0
  8 10  1  0
  1 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  4 13  1  0
  4 14  1  0
  5 15  1  0
  5 16  1  0
  6 17  1  1
  7 18  1  0
  7 19  1  0
 10 20  1  0
M  END
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3D SDF for HMDB0000641 (Glutamine)


  Mrv1652309042000042D          

 10  9  0  0  1  0            999 V2000
   -2.1434   -0.1768    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4289    0.2357    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.2357    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1434   -0.1768    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -0.1768    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.2357    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145   -0.1768    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    1.0606    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7144   -1.0018    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4290    1.0607    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
 10  2  2  0  0  0  0
  3  8  2  0  0  0  0
  4  3  1  0  0  0  0
  5  3  1  0  0  0  0
  5  9  1  1  0  0  0
  6  5  1  0  0  0  0
  7  2  1  0  0  0  0
  7  6  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0000641

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C5H10N2O3/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H2,7,8)(H,9,10)/t3-/m0/s1

> <INCHI_KEY>
ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N

> <FORMULA>
C5H10N2O3

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
146.1445

> <EXACT_MASS>
146.069142196

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
4

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
20

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
13.868279050213307

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
(2S)-2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-3.32

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-4.001133405103188

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-0.17

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA>
16.24489083303041

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
2.14714261629068

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
9.312090619392574

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
106.41

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
33.1099

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
4

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
9.78e+01 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
L-glutamine

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for HMDB0000641 (Glutamine)

HMDB0000641
     RDKit          3D
L-Glutamine
 20 19  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -3.6330    0.4906    0.5621 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4583   -0.0788   -0.0185 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5530   -0.9215   -0.9387 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1098    0.3071    0.4464 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0503   -0.4406   -0.3328 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2970    0.0318    0.2262 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4045    1.4630    0.0312 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.4271   -0.6573   -0.4057 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.5092   -1.9063   -0.3432 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.3908    0.0547   -1.0619 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.6138    0.8376    1.5548 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4808    0.5380   -0.0414 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0140    1.4004    0.3077 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0489    0.1153    1.5230 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1697   -1.5276   -0.1904 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1045   -0.2202   -1.4083 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3260   -0.2268    1.3180 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.3176    1.7702    0.3995 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3518    1.6516   -0.9788 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.2120    0.4698   -0.6492 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  6  8  1  0
  8  9  2  0
  8 10  1  0
  1 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  4 13  1  0
  4 14  1  0
  5 15  1  0
  5 16  1  0
  6 17  1  1
  7 18  1  0
  7 19  1  0
 10 20  1  0
M  END
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PDB for HMDB0000641 (Glutamine)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 04-SEP-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   04-SEP-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  N   UNK     0      -4.001  -0.330   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0      -2.667   0.440   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0       2.667   0.440   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  O   UNK     0       4.001  -0.330   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0       1.334  -0.330   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0       0.000   0.440   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0      -1.334  -0.330   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  O   UNK     0       2.667   1.980   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    9  N   UNK     0       1.334  -1.870   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM   10  O   UNK     0      -2.667   1.980   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    2                                                            
CONECT    2    1   10    7                                                  
CONECT    3    8    4    5                                                  
CONECT    4    3                                                            
CONECT    5    3    9    6                                                  
CONECT    6    5    7                                                       
CONECT    7    2    6                                                       
CONECT    8    3                                                            
CONECT    9    5                                                            
CONECT   10    2                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   10    0   18    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0000641 (Glutamine)

COMPND    HMDB0000641
HETATM    1  N1  UNL     1      -3.633   0.491   0.562  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    2  C1  UNL     1      -2.458  -0.079  -0.018  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  O1  UNL     1      -2.553  -0.922  -0.939  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    4  C2  UNL     1      -1.110   0.307   0.446  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C3  UNL     1      -0.050  -0.441  -0.333  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  C4  UNL     1       1.297   0.032   0.226  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  N2  UNL     1       1.404   1.463   0.031  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    8  C5  UNL     1       2.427  -0.657  -0.406  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    9  O2  UNL     1       2.509  -1.906  -0.343  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   10  O3  UNL     1       3.391   0.055  -1.062  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   11  H1  UNL     1      -3.614   0.838   1.555  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H2  UNL     1      -4.481   0.538  -0.041  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H3  UNL     1      -1.014   1.400   0.308  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H4  UNL     1      -1.049   0.115   1.523  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   15  H5  UNL     1      -0.170  -1.528  -0.190  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   16  H6  UNL     1      -0.104  -0.220  -1.408  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   17  H7  UNL     1       1.326  -0.227   1.318  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   18  H8  UNL     1       2.318   1.770   0.400  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   19  H9  UNL     1       1.352   1.652  -0.979  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   20  H10 UNL     1       4.212   0.470  -0.649  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   11   12
CONECT    2    3    3    4
CONECT    4    5   13   14
CONECT    5    6   15   16
CONECT    6    7    8   17
CONECT    7   18   19
CONECT    8    9    9   10
CONECT   10   20
END
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SMILES for HMDB0000641 (Glutamine)

N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O
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INCHI for HMDB0000641 (Glutamine)

InChI=1S/C5H10N2O3/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H2,7,8)(H,9,10)/t3-/m0/s1
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View in JSmolView NMR AssignmentsView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
ValueSource
(2S)-2,5-Diamino-5-oxopentanoic acidChEBI
(2S)-2-Amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acidChEBI
(S)-2,5-Diamino-5-oxopentanoic acidChEBI
Glutamic acid 5-amideChEBI
Glutamic acid amideChEBI
GLUTAMINEChEBI
L-(+)-GlutamineChEBI
L-2-Aminoglutaramic acidChEBI
L-Glutamic acid gamma-amideChEBI
L-GlutaminChEBI
L-Glutaminsaeure-5-amidChEBI
LevoglutamideChEBI
QChEBI
EndariKegg
NutrestoreKegg
(2S)-2,5-Diamino-5-oxopentanoateGenerator
(2S)-2-Amino-4-carbamoylbutanoateGenerator
(S)-2,5-Diamino-5-oxopentanoateGenerator
Glutamate 5-amideGenerator
Glutamate amideGenerator
L-2-AminoglutaramateGenerator
L-Glutamate g-amideGenerator
L-Glutamate gamma-amideGenerator
L-Glutamate γ-amideGenerator
L-Glutamic acid g-amideGenerator
L-Glutamic acid γ-amideGenerator
2-Aminoglutaramic acidHMDB
CebrogenHMDB
gamma-GlutamineHMDB
GlavaminHMDB
GluminHMDB
L-2-Aminoglutaramidic acidHMDB
L-Glutamic acid 5-amideHMDB
L-GlutamidHMDB
L-GlutamideHMDB
LevoglutamidHMDB
LevoglutamidaHMDB
LevoglutamidumHMDB
LevoglutaminaHMDB
PolyglutamineHMDB
StimulinaHMDB
D-GlutamineHMDB
D GlutamineHMDB
L GlutamineHMDB
Chemical FormulaC5H10N2O3
Average Molecular Weight146.1445
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight146.069142196
IUPAC Name(2S)-2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid
Traditional NameL-glutamine
CAS Registry Number56-85-9
SMILES
N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C5H10N2O3/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H2,7,8)(H,9,10)/t3-/m0/s1
InChI KeyZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentL-alpha-amino acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Fatty acid
  • Amino acid
  • Carboximidic acid
  • Carboximidic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Organoleptic effect
Disposition
Biological locationSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Biological roleIndustrial application
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point185 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility41.3 mg/mLYALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
LogP-3.64CHMELIK,J ET AL. (1991)
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Astarita_neg126.030932474
[M-H]-Baker132.10630932474
[M-H]-MetCCS_test_neg124.630932474
[M+H]+Baker133.44730932474
[M+H]+Astarita_pos124.330932474
[M-H]-Not Available126.8http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000087
[M+H]+Not Available130.9http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000087
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility97.8 g/LALOGPS
logP-3.3ALOGPS
logP-4ChemAxon
logS-0.17ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)2.15ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.31ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area106.41 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity33.11 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability13.87 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+130.64431661259
DarkChem[M-H]-125.02931661259
AllCCS[M+H]+134.19532859911
AllCCS[M-H]-127.54432859911
DeepCCS[M+H]+128.94930932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-125.12130932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-162.60430932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+138.0430932474
AllCCS[M+H]+134.232859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+130.232859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+137.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+139.032859911
AllCCS[M-H]-127.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-129.832859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-132.232859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
L-GlutamineN[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O2078.4Standard polar33892256
L-GlutamineN[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O1366.6Standard non polar33892256
L-GlutamineN[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O1933.9Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
L-Glutamine,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O1579.0Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)O1653.3Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,1TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O1669.4Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1686.5Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1665.2Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C2602.5Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1666.2Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1748.1Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C2515.0Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O1764.4Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O1740.0Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O2447.0Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C1843.8Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C1718.8Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C2792.5Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TMS,isomer #5C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C1828.4Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TMS,isomer #5C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C1745.6Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TMS,isomer #5C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C2968.5Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1755.3Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1800.8Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C2040.1Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1850.3Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1783.3Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2470.5Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1784.9Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1834.5Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2348.9Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O1893.9Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O1815.5Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O2221.7Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TMS,isomer #5C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1933.1Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TMS,isomer #5C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1848.7Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TMS,isomer #5C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2186.6Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,4TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1858.9Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,4TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1890.5Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,4TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1931.7Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,4TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1915.5Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,4TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1903.4Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,4TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1968.6Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,4TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2006.9Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,4TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1947.5Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,4TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2068.1Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,5TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2049.8Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,5TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2002.0Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,5TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1881.8Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O1835.8Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)O1912.9Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O1926.1Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2151.7Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2085.4Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2619.4Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2130.4Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2135.4Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2540.0Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O2259.2Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O2117.9Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O2451.5Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2290.7Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2139.0Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2699.8Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TBDMS,isomer #5CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2252.5Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TBDMS,isomer #5CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2171.7Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,2TBDMS,isomer #5CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2775.6Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2422.6Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2352.8Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2348.0Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2503.3Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2404.1Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2582.3Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2438.1Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2446.1Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2504.4Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O2559.7Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O2410.7Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O2431.4Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TBDMS,isomer #5CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2584.6Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TBDMS,isomer #5CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2406.2Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,3TBDMS,isomer #5CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2413.1Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,4TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2720.3Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,4TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2624.4Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,4TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2380.5Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,4TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2777.9Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,4TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2619.2Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,4TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2396.9Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,4TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2866.6Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,4TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2693.9Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,4TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2429.0Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamine,5TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3062.8Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,5TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2883.4Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamine,5TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2422.8Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-0a4i-0910000000-adb283bb40327f7056802014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-0a4i-0910000000-134e80840320dadf6ad12014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-05fr-7910000000-89f87d4acc18299244f52014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-MS (2 TMS)splash10-0a4i-0900000000-952a471cad5e5ead0a7e2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-MS (4 TMS)splash10-004i-1961000000-94183211889cfe72d4ff2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-MS (3 TMS)splash10-0a4i-1920000000-6505cd814f3707a0feba2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-MS (4 TMS)splash10-004i-0692000000-9788416fdefb051b95862014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0a4i-0910000000-adb283bb40327f7056802017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0a4i-0910000000-134e80840320dadf6ad12017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-EI-QQ (Non-derivatized)splash10-00dj-4921200000-5446333d9aa592da8a072017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-05fr-7910000000-89f87d4acc18299244f52017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0a4i-0900000000-952a471cad5e5ead0a7e2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-004i-1961000000-94183211889cfe72d4ff2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0a4i-1920000000-6505cd814f3707a0feba2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-004i-0692000000-9788416fdefb051b95862017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0a4i-0910000000-ce2b15fe45c57a30c6bb2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0ab9-1900000000-7be5eab1056d2a249ab52017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0a4i-0900000000-5dc2d147bea250c7b80e2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0fb9-0921000000-5dcbab01982f543f79252017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-004j-0940000000-102c9a43b5153f06927f2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0006-9300000000-716b1947d48f42862cdf2016-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00dl-9610000000-bfd7aa529a6e7f62de432017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glutamine GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-001i-9000000000-bc4e294b8a3fd8c5abce2014-09-20Not AvailableView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-0059-3900000000-c8f487d1a561e49327c02012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-001i-9000000000-eee04836e7577e11d0d02012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-0a59-9000000000-54ffbe5be8d7dbede3892012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-79283391c985f82866772012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-6afbd5929b6e2371a3712012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0900000000-d5bd83614703b048228e2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0900000000-dc8def340a2655f9a3992012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-47e3e94a4387c53e0bd62012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-c1acfa3750a90d81ce152012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-93f01bccbc98f18d4b072012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0900000000-ce03708ec9ce55cd89522012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0933201000-9339494cebedd9c391352012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-64561a4c3590d5994e372012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-fdcdd7591fb182d804e22012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-03dm-0030900000-66314ae704783630947a2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0933100000-8798d2e46a415bb1029a2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-dddea137e500a9b364cc2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-a78f8e4b2d6b37917b212012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0920000000-8c6e1eb7de6f709110802012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-fa42fc4bcba6089928042012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-2900000000-074610880ea19a417f602012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-059x-9200000000-8b7dae54eb8325667bd72012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-e115d9215eea3f0c36292012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-55b1ac62eea66274b9842012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamine LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001j-0900000000-c9c71895033d66cb2bec2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, experimental)2021-10-10Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 1H]-TOCSY 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)2021-10-14Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Mitochondria
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Breast Milk
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Sweat
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
  • Kidney
  • Neuron
  • Pancreas
  • Placenta
  • Prostate
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Spleen
  • Testis
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified380-780 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified380-780 uMInfant (1 - 3 months old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified380-780 uMChildren (3 months - 6 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified380-780 uMChildren (6 - 18 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified492.6 +/- 93.6 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified376-709 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified60-470 uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified822 +/- 274 uMInfant (0-1 year old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified334-666 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified333-809 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified490.6 +/- 84.3 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified591.0 +/- 66.0 uMChildren (1-13 years old)FemaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified645.0 +/- 64.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified578 +/- 85 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified578.0 +/- 85.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified657.9 +/- 106.2 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified905.0 +/- 250.0 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Not SpecifiedNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified600.0 +/- 70.0 uMChildren (1-13 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified591 +/- 66 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)FemaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified632 +/- 83 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified586.0 (502.0-670.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified523.4(442.5-642.5) uMChildren (1-13 uears old)Both
Normal		 details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified645 +/- 64 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified433-619 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified600 +/- 70 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified390.0-900.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified638.62 +/- 109.94 uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified510.4 +/- 118.2 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Breast MilkDetected and Quantified616 +/- 314 uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
Normal		 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified432 +/- 204 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified570.0 +/- 240.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified623.6 +/- 71.6 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified518.0 +/- 81.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified425.0 +/- 70.5 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified444.0 +/- 84.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified352-885 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified363.3 +/- 97.6 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified285-820 uMChildren (0 - 10 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified310-820 uMAdolescent (>11 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified627.0 (482.0-772.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified352-885 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected and Quantified160 +/- 110 nmol/g wet fecesAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected and Quantified40 +/- 30 nmol/g wet fecesAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected and Quantified36.60 +/- 31.81 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected and Quantified8.4 +/- 2.7 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected and Quantified6.9 +/- 0.36 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected and Quantified6.6 +/- 2.1 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected and Quantified42.32 +/- 39.22 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Zerihun T. Dame, ...
 details
SalivaDetected and Quantified4.8 +/- 4.5 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected and Quantified>10 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
SweatDetected and Quantified< 10 uMAdult (60 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SweatDetected and Quantified< 10 uMAdult (40 years old)Male
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified52-205 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified62-165 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified214.81 +/- 135.67 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified316.57 +/- 192.20 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified373.10 +/- 226.12 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified21.27-154.41 umol/mmol creatinineAdolescent (13-18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified36.8 (14.5-59.2) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
      Not Available
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified16.16-134.4 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified50.83(32.41-129.3) umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified50(15.47-135.8) umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)MaleNormal details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified17-37 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified10.52-77.60 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified15.72-337.6 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified33.98 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal
    • Shaykhutdinov RA,...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified118.96 +/- 89.94 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified52.01 - 205.09 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified62.97 - 374.45 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (1 - 6 months old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified75.18 - 321.66 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (6 months - <1 year old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified98.70 - 268.74 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 2 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified70.55 - 385.99 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (2 - 4 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified29.28 - 181.24 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (4 - 13 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified9.158-104.354 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified29.28 - 121.88 umol/mmol creatinineAdolescent (13 - 21 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified29.28 - 121.88 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>21 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified29.75-336.98 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified33.32 +/- 10.78 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified39.9 (18.4-72.5) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified18-34 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified37.2 (19.1-77.9) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified20.0 (9.0-33.0) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified17.19-149.88 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified98.1213 +/- 28.9895 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified94.945 +/- 48.611 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified64.71 (51.53-108.46) umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
    • Analysis of 40 NI...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified18.55-127.26 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified150.4 (128.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleDown syndrome pregnancy details
BloodDetected and Quantified174.3 (216.4) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemalePregnancy details
BloodDetected and Quantified376.8 +/- 114.3 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothHeart Transplant details
BloodDetected and Quantified650.0 +/- 98.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleSchizophrenia details
BloodDetected and Quantified673.0 +/- 96.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleSchizophrenia details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Oesophageal cancer		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified542.5 (376.0-709.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothCarbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency
    • MetaGene: Metabol...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified900.0 (700.0-1100.0) uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothCarbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency
    • MetaGene: Metabol...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified430 uMInfant (0-1 year old)MaleFumaric aciduria details
BloodDetected and Quantified347-1054 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)MaleN-Acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency details
BloodDetected and Quantified442-533 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Male
N-Acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency		 details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal cancer details
BloodDetected and Quantified67-1103 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Male
N-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified292.9 +/- 77.3 uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
Pregnancy with fetuses with trisomy 18		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified250.2 +/- 77.3 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemalePregnancy details
BloodDetected and Quantified331.0 (57.2) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleEarly preeclampsia details
BloodDetected and Quantified288.2 (82.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemalePregnancy details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Bothoesophago-gastric cancer details
BloodDetected and Quantified820 (615-1381) uMChildren (1-13 years old)MaleLipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Bothcolorectal cancer details
BloodDetected and Quantified508-1087 uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothPhosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1, Cytosolic details
BloodDetected and Quantified1731 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)MalePhosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1, Cytosolic details
BloodDetected and Quantified588 +/- 102 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Obese		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified588 +/- 162 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Obese		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified567 +/- 120 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Obese		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified606 +/- 123 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Obese		 details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Schizophrenia		 details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Pancreatic cancer		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified535.3(451.2-627.0) uMChildren (1-13 uears old)Both
Environmental enteric dysfunction		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified311.3 (55.65) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemalePregnancy with fetus having congenital heart defect details
BloodDetected and Quantified310.98 (52.92) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemalePregnancy details
BloodDetected and Quantified253.1 (131.1) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleLate-onset preeclampsia details
BloodDetected and Quantified218.5 (66.9) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemalePregnancy details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified572 +/- 116 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleSchizophrenia details
BloodDetected and Quantified228.34 +/- 12.00 uMElderly (>65 years old)BothAlzheimer's disease details
BloodDetected and Quantified476.0 (455.0-498.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Epilepsy		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified495.0 (477.0-513.0) uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Epilepsy		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified611.0 (591.0-630.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Epilepsy		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified2-6 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)BothGlutamine deficiency, congenital details
BloodDetected and Quantified509.43 +/- 114.91 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Obese		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified497.6 +/- 113.7 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Obesity
    • Metabolomics reve...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified521.3 +/- 116.3 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Obesity
    • Metabolomics reve...
 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified1875.3 +/- 285.8 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not Specified
Leukemia		 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified1061.0 +/- 230.2 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedLeukemia details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified723 uMChildren (1-13 years old)MaleLipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified902 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specifiedpropionic acidemia details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified1146.6 +/- 10.6 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothAlzheimer's disease details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified254.0 (152.0-356.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothAlzheimer's disease details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified11-12 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)BothGlutamine deficiency, congenital details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)BothUlcerative colitis details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedCrohns disease details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedUlcerative colitis details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedUnclassified IBD details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Irritable bowel syndrome		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Ulcerative colitis		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)FemaleMyalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothIrritable Bowel Syndrome details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothOral cancer details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)FemaleBreast cancer details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedPancreatic cancer details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedPeriodontal diseases details
SalivaDetected and Quantified22.30 +/- 10.19 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleAlzheimer's disease details
SalivaDetected and Quantified19.49 +/- 3.73 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleFrontotemporal lobe dementia details
SalivaDetected and Quantified48.74 +/- 50.79 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothLewy body disease details
UrineDetected and Quantified603 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)MaleLipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency details
UrineDetected and Quantified154-512 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedFumaric aciduria details
UrineDetected and Quantified1.17 +/- 0.49 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothAlzheimer's disease details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Bothoesophago-gastric cancer details
UrineDetected and Quantified31.4 +/- 2.3 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both3-Hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HL) deficency details
UrineDetected and Quantified37.5 +/- 0.6 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothPropionic acidemia details
UrineDetected and Quantified52.8 +/- 26.3 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothMaple syrup urine disease details
UrineDetected and Quantified319.9 +/- 47.1 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothAminoaciduria details
UrineDetected and Quantified92.5071 +/- 40.858 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Eosinophilic esophagitis
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified70.5526 +/- 46.8803 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0-8 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)BothGlutamine deficiency, congenital details
UrineDetected and Quantified89.151 +/- 68.262 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Eosinophilic esophagitis
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Epilepsy
  1. Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. [PubMed:14992292 ]
Schizophrenia
  1. Alfredsson G, Wiesel FA: Monoamine metabolites and amino acids in serum from schizophrenic patients before and during sulpiride treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1989;99(3):322-7. [PubMed:2480613 ]
  2. He Y, Yu Z, Giegling I, Xie L, Hartmann AM, Prehn C, Adamski J, Kahn R, Li Y, Illig T, Wang-Sattler R, Rujescu D: Schizophrenia shows a unique metabolomics signature in plasma. Transl Psychiatry. 2012 Aug 14;2:e149. doi: 10.1038/tp.2012.76. [PubMed:22892715 ]
  3. Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Hagenfeldt L, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Plasma amino acids in relation to cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Br J Psychiatry. 1985 Sep;147:276-82. [PubMed:2415198 ]
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency
  1. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
Colorectal cancer
  1. Ni Y, Xie G, Jia W: Metabonomics of human colorectal cancer: new approaches for early diagnosis and biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res. 2014 Sep 5;13(9):3857-70. doi: 10.1021/pr500443c. Epub 2014 Aug 14. [PubMed:25105552 ]
  2. Ikeda A, Nishiumi S, Shinohara M, Yoshie T, Hatano N, Okuno T, Bamba T, Fukusaki E, Takenawa T, Azuma T, Yoshida M: Serum metabolomics as a novel diagnostic approach for gastrointestinal cancer. Biomed Chromatogr. 2012 May;26(5):548-58. doi: 10.1002/bmc.1671. Epub 2011 Jul 20. [PubMed:21773981 ]
  3. Lin Y, Ma C, Liu C, Wang Z, Yang J, Liu X, Shen Z, Wu R: NMR-based fecal metabolomics fingerprinting as predictors of earlier diagnosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2016 May 17;7(20):29454-64. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8762. [PubMed:27107423 ]
  4. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  5. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  6. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Early preeclampsia
  1. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomics and first-trimester prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1840-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.680254. Epub 2012 Apr 28. [PubMed:22494326 ]
Pregnancy
  1. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomics and first-trimester prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1840-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.680254. Epub 2012 Apr 28. [PubMed:22494326 ]
  2. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: First-trimester metabolomic detection of late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):58.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 13. [PubMed:23159745 ]
  3. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomic analysis for first-trimester Down syndrome prediction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 May;208(5):371.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.12.035. Epub 2013 Jan 8. [PubMed:23313728 ]
  4. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Chelliah A, Mandal R, Dong E, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomic analysis for first-trimester trisomy 18 detection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jul;209(1):65.e1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.03.028. Epub 2013 Mar 25. [PubMed:23535240 ]
  5. Bahado-Singh RO, Ertl R, Mandal R, Bjorndahl TC, Syngelaki A, Han B, Dong E, Liu PB, Alpay-Savasan Z, Wishart DS, Nicolaides KH: Metabolomic prediction of fetal congenital heart defect in the first trimester. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Sep;211(3):240.e1-240.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.056. Epub 2014 Apr 1. [PubMed:24704061 ]
Late-onset preeclampsia
  1. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: First-trimester metabolomic detection of late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):58.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 13. [PubMed:23159745 ]
Fumarase deficiency
  1. Allegri G, Fernandes MJ, Scalco FB, Correia P, Simoni RE, Llerena JC Jr, de Oliveira ML: Fumaric aciduria: an overview and the first Brazilian case report. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2010 Aug;33(4):411-9. doi: 10.1007/s10545-010-9134-2. Epub 2010 Jun 15. [PubMed:20549362 ]
N-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency
  1. Guffon N, Vianey-Saban C, Bourgeois J, Rabier D, Colombo JP, Guibaud P: A new neonatal case of N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency treated by carbamylglutamate. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1995;18(1):61-5. [PubMed:7623444 ]
  2. Schubiger G, Bachmann C, Barben P, Colombo JP, Tonz O, Schupbach D: N-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency: diagnosis, management and follow-up of a rare disorder of ammonia detoxication. Eur J Pediatr. 1991 Mar;150(5):353-6. [PubMed:2044610 ]
Obesity
  1. Reinehr T, Wolters B, Knop C, Lass N, Hellmuth C, Harder U, Peissner W, Wahl S, Grallert H, Adamski J, Illig T, Prehn C, Yu Z, Wang-Sattler R, Koletzko B: Changes in the serum metabolite profile in obese children with weight loss. Eur J Nutr. 2015 Mar;54(2):173-81. doi: 10.1007/s00394-014-0698-8. Epub 2014 Apr 17. [PubMed:24740590 ]
  2. Wahl S, Yu Z, Kleber M, Singmann P, Holzapfel C, He Y, Mittelstrass K, Polonikov A, Prehn C, Romisch-Margl W, Adamski J, Suhre K, Grallert H, Illig T, Wang-Sattler R, Reinehr T: Childhood obesity is associated with changes in the serum metabolite profile. Obes Facts. 2012;5(5):660-70. doi: 10.1159/000343204. Epub 2012 Oct 4. [PubMed:23108202 ]
  3. Simone Wahl, Christina Holzapfel, Zhonghao Yu, Michaela Breier, Ivan Kondofersky, Christiane Fuchs, Paula Singmann, Cornelia Prehn, Jerzy Adamski, Harald Grallert, Thomas Illig, Rui Wang-Sattler, Thomas Reinehr (2013). Metabolomics reveals determinants of weight loss during lifestyle intervention in obese children. Metabolomics.
Glutamine deficiency, congenital
  1. Haberle J, Gorg B, Rutsch F, Schmidt E, Toutain A, Benoist JF, Gelot A, Suc AL, Hohne W, Schliess F, Haussinger D, Koch HG: Congenital glutamine deficiency with glutamine synthetase mutations. N Engl J Med. 2005 Nov 3;353(18):1926-33. [PubMed:16267323 ]
Lipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency
  1. Soreze Y, Boutron A, Habarou F, Barnerias C, Nonnenmacher L, Delpech H, Mamoune A, Chretien D, Hubert L, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschke P, Correia I, Sardet C, Boddaert N, Hamel Y, Delahodde A, Ottolenghi C, de Lonlay P: Mutations in human lipoyltransferase gene LIPT1 cause a Leigh disease with secondary deficiency for pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2013 Dec 17;8:192. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-192. [PubMed:24341803 ]
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1, Cytosolic
  1. Vieira P, Cameron J, Rahikkala E, Keski-Filppula R, Zhang LH, Santra S, Matthews A, Myllynen P, Nuutinen M, Moilanen JS, Rodenburg RJ, Rolfs A, Uusimaa J, van Karnebeek CDM: Novel homozygous PCK1 mutation causing cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency presenting as childhood hypoglycemia, an abnormal pattern of urine metabolites and liver dysfunction. Mol Genet Metab. 2017 Apr;120(4):337-341. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.02.003. Epub 2017 Feb 6. [PubMed:28216384 ]
  2. Santra S, Cameron JM, Shyr C, Zhang L, Drogemoller B, Ross CJ, Wasserman WW, Wevers RA, Rodenburg RJ, Gupte G, Preece MA, van Karnebeek CD: Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency presenting with acute liver failure following gastroenteritis. Mol Genet Metab. 2016 May;118(1):21-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.03.001. Epub 2016 Mar 4. [PubMed:26971250 ]
Alzheimer's disease
  1. Redjems-Bennani N, Jeandel C, Lefebvre E, Blain H, Vidailhet M, Gueant JL: Abnormal substrate levels that depend upon mitochondrial function in cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer patients. Gerontology. 1998;44(5):300-4. [PubMed:9693263 ]
  2. Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG: Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer's disease subjects. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):213-24. Epub 2006 Oct 10. [PubMed:17031479 ]
  3. Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
Leukemia
  1. Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. [PubMed:15911239 ]
Propionic acidemia
  1. Scholl-Burgi S, Haberlandt E, Gotwald T, Albrecht U, Baumgartner Sigl S, Rauchenzauner M, Rostasy K, Karall D: Stroke-like episodes in propionic acidemia caused by central focal metabolic decompensation. Neuropediatrics. 2009 Apr;40(2):76-81. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1231065. Epub 2009 Oct 6. [PubMed:19809936 ]
  2. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c. [PubMed:19551947 ]
Irritable bowel syndrome
  1. Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ]
  2. Hong YS, Hong KS, Park MH, Ahn YT, Lee JH, Huh CS, Lee J, Kim IK, Hwang GS, Kim JS: Metabonomic understanding of probiotic effects in humans with irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2011 May-Jun;45(5):415-25. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318207f76c. [PubMed:21494186 ]
Ulcerative colitis
  1. Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ]
  2. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Crohn's disease
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment
  1. Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Pancreatic cancer
  1. Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
  2. Zhang L, Jin H, Guo X, Yang Z, Zhao L, Tang S, Mo P, Wu K, Nie Y, Pan Y, Fan D: Distinguishing pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis and healthy individuals by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomic profiles. Clin Biochem. 2012 Sep;45(13-14):1064-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.05.012. Epub 2012 May 19. [PubMed:22613268 ]
Periodontal disease
  1. Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Frontotemporal dementia
  1. Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
Lewy body disease
  1. Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
Maple syrup urine disease
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c. [PubMed:19551947 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB00130
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB030965
KNApSAcK IDC00001359
Chemspider ID5746
KEGG Compound IDC00064
BioCyc IDGLN
BiGG ID33714
Wikipedia LinkGlutamine
METLIN ID5614
PubChem Compound5961
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID18050
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDGLN_L
MarkerDB IDMDB00000205
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceJiao, Qingcai; Qian, Shaosong; Chen, Ran; Wu, Xiaoyan. Synthesis of L-glutamine. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2005), 7 pp.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
  2. Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. [PubMed:12097436 ]
  3. Subramanian A, Gupta A, Saxena S, Gupta A, Kumar R, Nigam A, Kumar R, Mandal SK, Roy R: Proton MR CSF analysis and a new software as predictors for the differentiation of meningitis in children. NMR Biomed. 2005 Jun;18(4):213-25. [PubMed:15627241 ]
  4. Commodari F, Arnold DL, Sanctuary BC, Shoubridge EA: 1H NMR characterization of normal human cerebrospinal fluid and the detection of methylmalonic acid in a vitamin B12 deficient patient. NMR Biomed. 1991 Aug;4(4):192-200. [PubMed:1931558 ]
  5. Nicholson JK, O'Flynn MP, Sadler PJ, Macleod AF, Juul SM, Sonksen PH: Proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of serum, plasma and urine from fasting normal and diabetic subjects. Biochem J. 1984 Jan 15;217(2):365-75. [PubMed:6696735 ]
  6. Redjems-Bennani N, Jeandel C, Lefebvre E, Blain H, Vidailhet M, Gueant JL: Abnormal substrate levels that depend upon mitochondrial function in cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer patients. Gerontology. 1998;44(5):300-4. [PubMed:9693263 ]
  7. Hagenfeldt L, Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Amino acids in plasma and CSF and monoamine metabolites in CSF: interrelationship in healthy subjects. J Neurochem. 1984 Mar;42(3):833-7. [PubMed:6198473 ]
  8. Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. [PubMed:15911239 ]
  9. Cynober LA: Plasma amino acid levels with a note on membrane transport: characteristics, regulation, and metabolic significance. Nutrition. 2002 Sep;18(9):761-6. [PubMed:12297216 ]
  10. Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. [PubMed:14992292 ]
  11. Frayn KN, Khan K, Coppack SW, Elia M: Amino acid metabolism in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo. Clin Sci (Lond). 1991 May;80(5):471-4. [PubMed:1851687 ]
  12. Rutten EP, Engelen MP, Wouters EF, Schols AM, Deutz NE: Metabolic effects of glutamine and glutamate ingestion in healthy subjects and in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jan;83(1):115-23. [PubMed:16400059 ]
  13. Szebenyi G, Morfini GA, Babcock A, Gould M, Selkoe K, Stenoien DL, Young M, Faber PW, MacDonald ME, McPhaul MJ, Brady ST: Neuropathogenic forms of huntingtin and androgen receptor inhibit fast axonal transport. Neuron. 2003 Sep 25;40(1):41-52. [PubMed:14527432 ]
  14. Wada A, Yoshida R, Oda K, Fukuba E, Uchida N, Kitagaki H: Acute encephalopathy associated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005 Oct;26(9):2311-5. [PubMed:16219838 ]
  15. Pennisi P, Gavrilova O, Setser-Portas J, Jou W, Santopietro S, Clemmons D, Yakar S, LeRoith D: Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I treatment inhibits gluconeogenesis in a transgenic mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinology. 2006 Jun;147(6):2619-30. Epub 2006 Mar 2. [PubMed:16513827 ]
  16. Avila J, Barbaro B, Gangemi A, Romagnoli T, Kuechle J, Hansen M, Shapiro J, Testa G, Sankary H, Benedetti E, Lakey J, Oberholzer J: Intra-ductal glutamine administration reduces oxidative injury during human pancreatic islet isolation. Am J Transplant. 2005 Dec;5(12):2830-7. [PubMed:16302995 ]
  17. Cooper AJ: Ammonia metabolism in normal and portacaval-shunted rats. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1990;272:23-46. [PubMed:2103690 ]
  18. Melis GC, Boelens PG, van der Sijp JR, Popovici T, De Bandt JP, Cynober L, van Leeuwen PA: The feeding route (enteral or parenteral) affects the plasma response of the dipetide Ala-Gln and the amino acids glutamine, citrulline and arginine, with the administration of Ala-Gln in preoperative patients. Br J Nutr. 2005 Jul;94(1):19-26. [PubMed:16115328 ]
  19. Choudry HA, Pan M, Karinch AM, Souba WW: Branched-chain amino acid-enriched nutritional support in surgical and cancer patients. J Nutr. 2006 Jan;136(1 Suppl):314S-8S. [PubMed:16365105 ]
  20. Coeffier M, Miralles-Barrachina O, Le Pessot F, Lalaude O, Daveau M, Lavoinne A, Lerebours E, Dechelotte P: Influence of glutamine on cytokine production by human gut in vitro. Cytokine. 2001 Feb 7;13(3):148-54. [PubMed:11161457 ]
  21. van der Hulst RR, von Meyenfeldt MF, Deutz NE, Soeters PB: Glutamine extraction by the gut is reduced in depleted [corrected] patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Ann Surg. 1997 Jan;225(1):112-21. [PubMed:8998127 ]
  22. McAnena OJ, Moore FA, Moore EE, Jones TN, Parsons P: Selective uptake of glutamine in the gastrointestinal tract: confirmation in a human study. Br J Surg. 1991 Apr;78(4):480-2. [PubMed:1903318 ]
  23. Morlion BJ, Stehle P, Wachtler P, Siedhoff HP, Koller M, Konig W, Furst P, Puchstein C: Total parenteral nutrition with glutamine dipeptide after major abdominal surgery: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Ann Surg. 1998 Feb;227(2):302-8. [PubMed:9488531 ]
  24. Jian ZM, Cao JD, Zhu XG, Zhao WX, Yu JC, Ma EL, Wang XR, Zhu MW, Shu H, Liu YW: The impact of alanyl-glutamine on clinical safety, nitrogen balance, intestinal permeability, and clinical outcome in postoperative patients: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study of 120 patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1999 Sep-Oct;23(5 Suppl):S62-6. [PubMed:10483898 ]
  25. Boza JJ, Dangin M, Moennoz D, Montigon F, Vuichoud J, Jarret A, Pouteau E, Gremaud G, Oguey-Araymon S, Courtois D, Woupeyi A, Finot PA, Ballevre O: Free and protein-bound glutamine have identical splanchnic extraction in healthy human volunteers. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2001 Jul;281(1):G267-74. [PubMed:11408280 ]
  26. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 32 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters

Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. Glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 2
General function:
Involved in metabolic process
Specific function:
Controls the flux of glucose into the hexosamine pathway. Most likely involved in regulating the availability of precursors for N- and O-linked glycosylation of proteins.
Gene Name:
GFPT2
Uniprot ID:
O94808
Molecular weight:
76929.885
Reactions
Glutamine + Fructose 6-phosphate → Glutamic acid + Glucosamine 6-phosphatedetails
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. Hu Y, Riesland L, Paterson AJ, Kudlow JE: Phosphorylation of mouse glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (GFAT2) by cAMP-dependent protein kinase increases the enzyme activity. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jul 16;279(29):29988-93. Epub 2004 May 7. [PubMed:15133036 ]
  4. Zitzler J, Link D, Schafer R, Liebetrau W, Kazinski M, Bonin-Debs A, Behl C, Buckel P, Brinkmann U: High-throughput functional genomics identifies genes that ameliorate toxicity due to oxidative stress in neuronal HT-22 cells: GFPT2 protects cells against peroxide. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2004 Aug;3(8):834-40. Epub 2004 Jun 4. [PubMed:15181156 ]
  5. DeHaven JE, Robinson KA, Nelson BA, Buse MG: A novel variant of glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase-1 (GFAT1) mRNA is selectively expressed in striated muscle. Diabetes. 2001 Nov;50(11):2419-24. [PubMed:11679416 ]
Enzyme Details
2. Glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 1
General function:
Involved in metabolic process
Specific function:
Controls the flux of glucose into the hexosamine pathway. Most likely involved in regulating the availability of precursors for N- and O-linked glycosylation of proteins.
Gene Name:
GFPT1
Uniprot ID:
Q06210
Molecular weight:
78805.81
Reactions
Glutamine + Fructose 6-phosphate → Glutamic acid + Glucosamine 6-phosphatedetails
Enzyme Details
3. Amidophosphoribosyltransferase
General function:
Involved in amidophosphoribosyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
PPAT
Uniprot ID:
Q06203
Molecular weight:
57398.52
Reactions
5-Phosphoribosylamine + Pyrophosphate + Glutamic acid → Glutamine + Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate + Waterdetails
References
  1. Jiang P, Pioszak AA, Ninfa AJ: Structure-function analysis of glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase (ATase, EC 2.7.7.49) of Escherichia coli. Biochemistry. 2007 Apr 3;46(13):4117-32. Epub 2007 Mar 14. [PubMed:17355124 ]
  2. Jiang P, Mayo AE, Ninfa AJ: Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase (ATase, EC 2.7.7.49): kinetic characterization of regulation by PII, PII-UMP, glutamine, and alpha-ketoglutarate. Biochemistry. 2007 Apr 3;46(13):4133-46. Epub 2007 Mar 14. [PubMed:17355125 ]
Enzyme Details
4. Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1
General function:
Involved in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the irreversible transamination of the L-tryptophan metabolite L-kynurenine to form kynurenic acid (KA). Metabolizes the cysteine conjugates of certain halogenated alkenes and alkanes to form reactive metabolites. Catalyzes the beta-elimination of S-conjugates and Se-conjugates of L-(seleno)cysteine, resulting in the cleavage of the C-S or C-Se bond.
Gene Name:
CCBL1
Uniprot ID:
Q16773
Molecular weight:
47874.765
Reactions
Glutamine + Phenylpyruvic acid → 2-Keto-glutaramic acid + Phenylalaninedetails
References
  1. Fukushima T, Mitsuhashi S, Tomiya M, Iyo M, Hashimoto K, Toyo'oka T: Determination of kynurenic acid in human serum and its correlation with the concentration of certain amino acids. Clin Chim Acta. 2007 Feb;377(1-2):174-8. Epub 2006 Sep 30. [PubMed:17112493 ]
Enzyme Details
5. Glutamine--tRNA ligase
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
QARS
Uniprot ID:
P47897
Molecular weight:
87797.97
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Glutamine + tRNA(Gln) → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + L-glutaminyl-tRNA(Gln)details
Adenosine triphosphate + Glutamine + tRNA(Gln) → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + Glutaminyl-tRNAdetails
References
  1. Balg C, Blais SP, Bernier S, Huot JL, Couture M, Lapointe J, Chenevert R: Synthesis of beta-ketophosphonate analogs of glutamyl and glutaminyl adenylate, and selective inhibition of the corresponding bacterial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 Jan 1;15(1):295-304. Epub 2006 Sep 29. [PubMed:17049867 ]
  2. Fuchs BC, Bode BP: Stressing out over survival: glutamine as an apoptotic modulator. J Surg Res. 2006 Mar;131(1):26-40. Epub 2005 Sep 8. [PubMed:16154153 ]
  3. Yamasaki S, Nakamura S, Terada T, Shimizu K: Mechanism of the difference in the binding affinity of E. coli tRNAGln to glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase caused by noninterface nucleotides in variable loop. Biophys J. 2007 Jan 1;92(1):192-200. Epub 2006 Oct 6. [PubMed:17028132 ]
  4. Uter NT, Perona JJ: Active-site assembly in glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase by tRNA-mediated induced fit. Biochemistry. 2006 Jun 6;45(22):6858-65. [PubMed:16734422 ]
Enzyme Details
6. Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]
General function:
Involved in asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ASNS
Uniprot ID:
P08243
Molecular weight:
62167.855
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Aspartic acid + Glutamine + Water → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + L-Asparagine + Glutamic aciddetails
References
  1. Li KK, Beeson WT 4th, Ghiviriga I, Richards NG: A convenient gHMQC-based NMR assay for investigating ammonia channeling in glutamine-dependent amidotransferases: studies of Escherichia coli asparagine synthetase B. Biochemistry. 2007 Apr 24;46(16):4840-9. Epub 2007 Mar 31. [PubMed:17397190 ]
  2. Al Sarraj J, Vinson C, Thiel G: Regulation of asparagine synthetase gene transcription by the basic region leucine zipper transcription factors ATF5 and CHOP. Biol Chem. 2005 Sep;386(9):873-9. [PubMed:16164412 ]
  3. Sheppard K, Akochy PM, Salazar JC, Soll D: The Helicobacter pylori amidotransferase GatCAB is equally efficient in glutamine-dependent transamidation of Asp-tRNAAsn and Glu-tRNAGln. J Biol Chem. 2007 Apr 20;282(16):11866-73. Epub 2007 Feb 28. [PubMed:17329242 ]
  4. Barsch A, Carvalho HG, Cullimore JV, Niehaus K: GC-MS based metabolite profiling implies three interdependent ways of ammonium assimilation in Medicago truncatula root nodules. J Biotechnol. 2006 Dec 15;127(1):79-83. Epub 2006 Jun 21. [PubMed:16870293 ]
  5. Reinert RB, Oberle LM, Wek SA, Bunpo P, Wang XP, Mileva I, Goodwin LO, Aldrich CJ, Durden DL, McNurlan MA, Wek RC, Anthony TG: Role of glutamine depletion in directing tissue-specific nutrient stress responses to L-asparaginase. J Biol Chem. 2006 Oct 20;281(42):31222-33. Epub 2006 Aug 24. [PubMed:16931516 ]
Enzyme Details
7. GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Involved in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides which are not only essential for DNA and RNA synthesis, but also provide GTP, which is involved in a number of cellular processes important for cell division.
Gene Name:
GMPS
Uniprot ID:
P49915
Molecular weight:
76714.79
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Xanthylic acid + Glutamine + Water → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + Guanosine monophosphate + Glutamic aciddetails
6-Thioxanthine 5'-monophosphate + Adenosine triphosphate + Glutamine + Water → 6-Thioguanosine monophosphate + Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + Glutamic aciddetails
References
  1. Strohmeier M, Raschle T, Mazurkiewicz J, Rippe K, Sinning I, Fitzpatrick TB, Tews I: Structure of a bacterial pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 19;103(51):19284-9. Epub 2006 Dec 11. [PubMed:17159152 ]
  2. Myers RS, Amaro RE, Luthey-Schulten ZA, Davisson VJ: Reaction coupling through interdomain contacts in imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase. Biochemistry. 2005 Sep 13;44(36):11974-85. [PubMed:16142895 ]
  3. Neuwirth M, Flicker K, Strohmeier M, Tews I, Macheroux P: Thermodynamic characterization of the protein-protein interaction in the heteromeric Bacillus subtilis pyridoxalphosphate synthase. Biochemistry. 2007 May 1;46(17):5131-9. Epub 2007 Apr 5. [PubMed:17408246 ]
  4. Nakamura A, Yao M, Chimnaronk S, Sakai N, Tanaka I: Ammonia channel couples glutaminase with transamidase reactions in GatCAB. Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1954-8. [PubMed:16809541 ]
Enzyme Details
8. Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase E
General function:
Involved in protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the calcium-dependent formation of isopeptide cross-links between glutamine and lysine residues in various proteins, as well as the conjugation of polyamines to proteins. Involved in the formation of the cornified envelope (CE), a specialized component consisting of covalent cross-links of proteins beneath the plasma membrane of terminally differentiated keratinocytes. Catalyzes small proline-rich proteins (SPRR1 and SPRR2) and LOR cross-linking to form small interchain oligomers, which are further cross-linked by TGM1 onto the growing CE scaffold (By similarity). In hair follicles, involved in cross-linking structural proteins to hardening the inner root sheath.
Gene Name:
TGM3
Uniprot ID:
Q08188
Molecular weight:
76631.26
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. Chen BS, Wang MR, Xu X, Cai Y, Xu ZX, Han YL, Wu M: Transglutaminase-3, an esophageal cancer-related gene. Int J Cancer. 2000 Dec 15;88(6):862-5. [PubMed:11093806 ]
  4. Ikura K, Yu C, Nagao M, Sasaki R, Furuyoshi S, Kawabata N: Site-directed mutation in conserved anionic regions of guinea pig liver transglutaminase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995 Apr 20;318(2):307-13. [PubMed:7733658 ]
  5. Ahvazi B, Steinert PM: A model for the reaction mechanism of the transglutaminase 3 enzyme. Exp Mol Med. 2003 Aug 31;35(4):228-42. [PubMed:14508061 ]
Enzyme Details
9. Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2
General function:
Involved in protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the cross-linking of proteins and the conjugation of polyamines to proteins.
Gene Name:
TGM2
Uniprot ID:
P21980
Molecular weight:
77328.21
References
  1. Park SS, Kim JM, Kim DS, Kim IH, Kim SY: Transglutaminase 2 mediates polymer formation of I-kappaBalpha through C-terminal glutamine cluster. J Biol Chem. 2006 Nov 17;281(46):34965-72. Epub 2006 Sep 20. [PubMed:16987813 ]
  2. Keresztessy Z, Csosz E, Harsfalvi J, Csomos K, Gray J, Lightowlers RN, Lakey JH, Balajthy Z, Fesus L: Phage display selection of efficient glutamine-donor substrate peptides for transglutaminase 2. Protein Sci. 2006 Nov;15(11):2466-80. [PubMed:17075129 ]
Enzyme Details
10. Glutamine synthetase
General function:
Involved in glutamate-ammonia ligase activity
Specific function:
This enzyme has 2 functions: it catalyzes the production of glutamine and 4-aminobutanoate (gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA), the latter in a pyridoxal phosphate-independent manner (By similarity). Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts.
Gene Name:
GLUL
Uniprot ID:
P15104
Molecular weight:
42064.15
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Glutamic acid + Ammonia → ADP + Phosphate + Glutaminedetails
References
  1. Mong JA, Blutstein T: Estradiol modulation of astrocytic form and function: implications for hormonal control of synaptic communication. Neuroscience. 2006;138(3):967-75. Epub 2005 Dec 2. [PubMed:16326016 ]
  2. Rose C, Felipo V: Limited capacity for ammonia removal by brain in chronic liver failure: potential role of nitric oxide. Metab Brain Dis. 2005 Dec;20(4):275-83. [PubMed:16382338 ]
  3. Miguel-Hidalgo JJ: Withdrawal from free-choice ethanol consumption results in increased packing density of glutamine synthetase-immunoreactive astrocytes in the prelimbic cortex of alcohol-preferring rats. Alcohol Alcohol. 2006 Jul-Aug;41(4):379-85. Epub 2006 Feb 16. [PubMed:16484281 ]
  4. Chatauret N, Desjardins P, Zwingmann C, Rose C, Rao KV, Butterworth RF: Direct molecular and spectroscopic evidence for increased ammonia removal capacity of skeletal muscle in acute liver failure. J Hepatol. 2006 Jun;44(6):1083-8. Epub 2006 Jan 4. [PubMed:16530878 ]
  5. Tan S, Evans R, Singh B: Herbicidal inhibitors of amino acid biosynthesis and herbicide-tolerant crops. Amino Acids. 2006 Mar;30(2):195-204. Epub 2006 Mar 20. [PubMed:16547651 ]

Transporters

Enzyme Details
1. Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)
General function:
Involved in sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity
Specific function:
Has a broad substrate specificity, a preference for zwitterionic amino acids, and a sodium-dependence. It accepts as substrates all neutral amino acids, including glutamine, asparagine, and branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, and excludes methylated amino acids, anionic amino acids, and cationic amino acids. Act as a cell surface receptor for feline endogenous virus RD114, baboon M7 endogenous virus and type D simian retroviruses
Gene Name:
SLC1A5
Uniprot ID:
Q15758
Molecular weight:
56597.6
References
  1. Bungard CI, McGivan JD: Identification of the promoter elements involved in the stimulation of ASCT2 expression by glutamine availability in HepG2 cells and the probable involvement of FXR/RXR dimers. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2005 Nov 15;443(1-2):53-9. Epub 2005 Sep 15. [PubMed:16197915 ]
  2. Gegelashvili M, Rodriguez-Kern A, Pirozhkova I, Zhang J, Sung L, Gegelashvili G: High-affinity glutamate transporter GLAST/EAAT1 regulates cell surface expression of glutamine/neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2 in human fetal astrocytes. Neurochem Int. 2006 May-Jun;48(6-7):611-5. Epub 2006 Mar 3. [PubMed:16516348 ]
  3. Oppedisano F, Pochini L, Galluccio M, Indiveri C: The glutamine/amino acid transporter (ASCT2) reconstituted in liposomes: transport mechanism, regulation by ATP and characterization of the glutamine/glutamate antiport. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Feb;1768(2):291-8. Epub 2006 Sep 16. [PubMed:17046712 ]
  4. Dun Y, Mysona B, Itagaki S, Martin-Studdard A, Ganapathy V, Smith SB: Functional and molecular analysis of D-serine transport in retinal Muller cells. Exp Eye Res. 2007 Jan;84(1):191-9. Epub 2006 Nov 13. [PubMed:17094966 ]
  5. McGivan JD, Bungard CI: The transport of glutamine into mammalian cells. Front Biosci. 2007 Jan 1;12:874-82. [PubMed:17127344 ]
Enzyme Details
2. Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2
General function:
Involved in transport
Specific function:
Sodium-independent, high-affinity transport of small and large neutral amino acids such as alanine, serine, threonine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine and tryptophan, when associated with SLC3A2/4F2hc. Acts as an amino acid exchanger. Has higher affinity for L-phenylalanine than LAT1 but lower affinity for glutamine and serine. L-alanine is transported at physiological concentrations. Plays a role in basolateral (re)absorption of neutral amino acids. Involved in the uptake of methylmercury (MeHg) when administered as the L-cysteine or D,L-homocysteine complexes, and hence plays a role in metal ion homeostasis and toxicity. Involved in the cellular activity of small molecular weight nitrosothiols, via the stereoselective transport of L-nitrosocysteine (L-CNSO) across the transmembrane. Plays an essential role in the reabsorption of neutral amino acids from the epithelial cells to the bloodstream in the kidney
Gene Name:
SLC7A8
Uniprot ID:
Q9UHI5
Molecular weight:
58381.1
References
  1. Umapathy NS, Li W, Mysona BA, Smith SB, Ganapathy V: Expression and function of glutamine transporters SN1 (SNAT3) and SN2 (SNAT5) in retinal Muller cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Nov;46(11):3980-7. [PubMed:16249471 ]
  2. Kirchhoff P, Dave MH, Remy C, Kosiek O, Busque SM, Dufner M, Geibel JP, Verrey F, Wagner CA: An amino acid transporter involved in gastric acid secretion. Pflugers Arch. 2006 Mar;451(6):738-48. Epub 2005 Nov 25. [PubMed:16308696 ]
  3. Ramadan T, Camargo SM, Herzog B, Bordin M, Pos KM, Verrey F: Recycling of aromatic amino acids via TAT1 allows efflux of neutral amino acids via LAT2-4F2hc exchanger. Pflugers Arch. 2007 Jun;454(3):507-16. Epub 2007 Feb 2. [PubMed:17273864 ]
  4. Broer S, Broer A, Hansen JT, Bubb WA, Balcar VJ, Nasrallah FA, Garner B, Rae C: Alanine metabolism, transport, and cycling in the brain. J Neurochem. 2007 Sep;102(6):1758-70. Epub 2007 May 14. [PubMed:17504263 ]
  5. Chubb S, Kingsland AL, Broer A, Broer S: Mutation of the 4F2 heavy-chain carboxy terminus causes y+ LAT2 light-chain dysfunction. Mol Membr Biol. 2006 May-Jun;23(3):255-67. [PubMed:16785209 ]
Enzyme Details
3. Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3
General function:
Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Sodium-dependent amino acid/proton antiporter. Mediates electrogenic cotransport of glutamine and sodium ions in exchange for protons. Also recognizes histidine, asparagine and alanine. May mediate amino acid transport in either direction under physiological conditions. May play a role in nitrogen metabolism and synaptic transmission
Gene Name:
SLC38A3
Uniprot ID:
Q99624
Molecular weight:
55772.4
References
  1. Umapathy NS, Li W, Mysona BA, Smith SB, Ganapathy V: Expression and function of glutamine transporters SN1 (SNAT3) and SN2 (SNAT5) in retinal Muller cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Nov;46(11):3980-7. [PubMed:16249471 ]
  2. Conti F, Melone M: The glutamine commute: lost in the tube? Neurochem Int. 2006 May-Jun;48(6-7):459-64. Epub 2006 Mar 3. [PubMed:16517023 ]
  3. Gajewski M, Seaver B, Esslinger CS: Design, synthesis, and biological activity of novel triazole amino acids used to probe binding interactions between ligand and neutral amino acid transport protein SN1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 Aug 1;17(15):4163-6. Epub 2007 May 23. [PubMed:17561393 ]
Enzyme Details
4. Monocarboxylate transporter 10
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Sodium-independent transporter that mediates the update of aromatic acid. Can function as a net efflux pathway for aromatic amino acids in the basosolateral epithelial cells
Gene Name:
SLC16A10
Uniprot ID:
Q8TF71
Molecular weight:
55492.1
References
  1. Kim DK, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Matsuo H, Cha SH, Endou H: Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 18;276(20):17221-8. Epub 2001 Feb 20. [PubMed:11278508 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 32 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters