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Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Biological properties Concentrations Links References enzymes (11) Show 11 proteins XML

Record Information

Version

5.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC

Update Date

2023-05-30 20:55:55 UTC

HMDB ID

HMDB0000251

Secondary Accession Numbers

HMDB00251

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Taurine

Description

Taurine is a sulfur amino acid like methionine, cystine, cysteine, and homocysteine. It is a lesser-known amino acid because it is not incorporated into the structural building blocks of protein. Yet taurine is an essential amino acid in pre-term and newborn infants of humans and many other species. Adults can synthesize their own taurine, yet are probably dependent, in part, on dietary taurine. Taurine is abundant in the brain, heart, breast, gallbladder, and kidney and has important roles in health and disease in these organs. Taurine has many diverse biological functions including serving as a neurotransmitter in the brain, a stabilizer of cell membranes, and a facilitator in the transport of ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Taurine is highly concentrated in animal and fish protein, which are good sources of dietary taurine. It can be synthesized by the body from cysteine when vitamin B6 is present. Deficiency of taurine occurs in premature infants, neonates fed formula milk, and various disease states. Several inborn errors of taurine metabolism have been described. Perry syndrome is an unusual neuropsychiatric disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion through three generations of a family. Symptoms began late in the fifth decade in 6 affected persons and death occurred after 4 to 6 years. The earliest and most prominent symptom was mental depression that was not responsive to antidepressant drugs or electroconvulsive therapy. Sleep disturbances, exhaustion, and marked weight loss were features. Parkinsonism developed later, and respiratory failure occurred terminally (OMIM: 168605 ). Hypertaurinuric cardiomyopathy describes congestive cardiomyopathy and markedly elevated urinary taurine levels (about 5 times normal). Other family members had late or holosystolic mitral valve prolapse and elevated urinary taurine values (about 2.5 times normal). In two with mitral valve prolapse, congestive cardiomyopathy eventually developed while the amounts of urinary taurine doubled (OMIM: 145350 ). Taurine, after GABA, is the second most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its inhibitory effect is one source of taurine's anticonvulsant and antianxiety properties. It also lowers glutamic acid in the brain, and preliminary clinical trials suggest taurine may be useful in some forms of epilepsy. Taurine in the brain is usually associated with zinc or manganese. The amino acids alanine and glutamic acid, as well as pantothenic acid, inhibit taurine metabolism while vitamins A and B6, zinc, and manganese help build taurine. Cysteine and B6 are the nutrients most directly involved in taurine synthesis. Taurine levels have been found to decrease significantly in many depressed patients. One reason that the findings are not entirely clear is that taurine is often elevated in the blood of epileptics who need it. It is often difficult to distinguish compensatory changes in human biochemistry from true metabolic or deficiency disease. Low levels of taurine are found in retinitis pigmentosa. Taurine deficiency in experimental animals produces degeneration of light-sensitive cells. Therapeutic applications of taurine to eye disease are likely to be forthcoming. Taurine has many important metabolic roles. Supplements can stimulate prolactin and insulin release. The parathyroid gland makes a peptide hormone called glutataurine (glutamic acid-taurine), which further demonstrates taurine's role in endocrinology. Taurine increases bilirubin and cholesterol excretion in bile, critical to normal gallbladder function. It seems to inhibit the effect of morphine and potentiates the effects of opiate antagonists. Low plasma taurine levels have been found in a variety of conditions, i.e. depression, hypertension, hypothyroidism, gout, institutionalized patients, infertility, obesity, kidney failure, and others (http://www.dcnutrition.com/AminoAcids/). Moreover, taurine is found to be associated with maple syrup urine disease, which is an inborn error of metabolism.

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

View in JSmol View NMR Assignments View Stereo Labels

Synonyms

Value	Source
2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid	ChEBI
2-Aminoethyl sulfonate	ChEBI
Aminoethylsulfonic acid	ChEBI
beta-Aminoethylsulfonic acid	ChEBI
2-Aminoethanesulfonate	Generator
2-Aminoethanesulphonate	Generator
2-Aminoethanesulphonic acid	Generator
2-Aminoethyl sulfonic acid	Generator
2-Aminoethyl sulphonate	Generator
2-Aminoethyl sulphonic acid	Generator
Aminoethylsulfonate	Generator
Aminoethylsulphonate	Generator
Aminoethylsulphonic acid	Generator
b-Aminoethylsulfonate	Generator
b-Aminoethylsulfonic acid	Generator
b-Aminoethylsulphonate	Generator
b-Aminoethylsulphonic acid	Generator
beta-Aminoethylsulfonate	Generator
beta-Aminoethylsulphonate	Generator
beta-Aminoethylsulphonic acid	Generator
Β-aminoethylsulfonate	Generator
Β-aminoethylsulfonic acid	Generator
Β-aminoethylsulphonate	Generator
Β-aminoethylsulphonic acid	Generator
1-Aminoethane-2-sulfonate	HMDB
1-Aminoethane-2-sulfonic acid	HMDB
2-Aminoethylsulfonate	HMDB
2-Aminoethylsulfonic acid	HMDB
2-Sulfoethylamine	HMDB
Taurine hydrochloride	HMDB
Taurine zinc salt (2:1)	HMDB
Taurine, monopotassium salt	HMDB
Taufon	HMDB
Tauphon	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₂H₇NO₃S

Average Molecular Weight

125.147

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

125.014663785

IUPAC Name

2-aminoethane-1-sulfonic acid

Traditional Name

taurine

CAS Registry Number

107-35-7

SMILES

NCCS(O)(=O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C2H7NO3S/c3-1-2-7(4,5)6/h1-3H2,(H,4,5,6)

InChI Key

XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organosulfonic acids. Organosulfonic acids are compounds containing the sulfonic acid group, which has the general structure RS(=O)2OH (R is not a hydrogen atom).

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Organic sulfonic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Organosulfonic acids and derivatives

Direct Parent

Organosulfonic acids

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Alkanesulfonic acid
Sulfonyl
Organosulfonic acid
Organic nitrogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary amine
Organosulfur compound
Organonitrogen compound
Primary aliphatic amine
Amine
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

amino sulfonic acid (CHEBI:15891 )

Ontology

Physiological effect

Disposition

Biological location

Non-excretory biofluid

Biofluid or Excreta

Blood (PMID: 12297216)
Breast milk (PMID: 24027187)
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (PMID: 12834252)
Bile (PMID: 15780050)
Saliva (PMID: 19259987)
Lymph (HMDB: HMDB0000251)
Breast milk (HMDB: HMDB0000251)
Cerebrospinal fluid (HMDB: HMDB0000251)

Cell

Fibroblast

Fibroblast (HMDB: HMDB0000251)

Hematocyte

Platelet (HMDB: HMDB0000251)

Epithelial cell

Basal cell

Keratinocyte (HMDB: HMDB0000251)

Tissue substructure

Muscle (HMDB: HMDB0000251)

Tissue

Nervous tissue

Nervous tissue (HMDB: HMDB0000251)
Nervous tissue (HMDB: HMDB0000251)

Epithelium

Epidermis (HMDB: HMDB0000251)

Muscle tissue

Skeletal muscle (HMDB: HMDB0000251)
Skeletal muscle (HMDB: HMDB0000251)

Organ

Organ substructure

Retina (HMDB: HMDB0000251)

Excreta

Biofluid or Excreta

Urine (PMID: 22157537)
Feces (PMID: 21761941)

Cellular substructure

Extracellular (HMDB: HMDB0000251)
Membrane (HMDB: HMDB0000251)

Organelle

Peroxisome (HMDB: HMDB0000251)

Route of exposure

Enteral

Ingestion (HMDB: HMDB0000251)

Source

Exogenous

Exogenous (HMDB: HMDB0000251)

Food

Animal origin

Poultry

Pheasant (FooDB: FOOD00430)
Squab (FooDB: FOOD00481)
Turkey (FooDB: FOOD00494)
Quail (FooDB: FOOD00541)
Anatidae (FooDB: FOOD00576)
Rock ptarmigan (FooDB: FOOD00597)
Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) (FooDB: FOOD00610)
Chicken (FooDB: FOOD00329)
Mallard duck (FooDB: FOOD00353)
Emu (FooDB: FOOD00360)
Greylag goose (FooDB: FOOD00368)
Guinea hen (FooDB: FOOD00373)
Ostrich (FooDB: FOOD00422)
Velvet duck (FooDB: FOOD00427)

Lagomorph

Ovis

Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) (FooDB: FOOD00473)

Bovine

Venison

Deer (FooDB: FOOD00524)
Mule deer (FooDB: FOOD00348)
Elk (FooDB: FOOD00359)

Caprae

Domestic goat (FooDB: FOOD00529)

Swine

Domestic pig (FooDB: FOOD00536)
Wild boar (FooDB: FOOD00307)

Equine

Horse (FooDB: FOOD00378)

Broccoli (FooDB: FOOD00034)
White cabbage (FooDB: FOOD00887)

Leaf vegetable

Tuber

Potato (FooDB: FOOD00175)

Mushroom

Shiitake (FooDB: FOOD00548)

Onion-family vegetable

Garden onion (FooDB: FOOD00006)

Cereal and cereal product

Cereal

Barley (FooDB: FOOD00088)
Oat (FooDB: FOOD00022)
Rye (FooDB: FOOD00169)
Wheat (FooDB: FOOD00561)

Gourd

Cucumber (FooDB: FOOD00065)
Green zucchini (FooDB: FOOD00875)
Yellow zucchini (FooDB: FOOD00876)
Japanese pumpkin (FooDB: FOOD00886)
Sunburst squash (pattypan squash) (FooDB: FOOD00874)

Herb and spice

Herb

Milk and milk product

Unfermented milk

Milk (Cow) (FooDB: FOOD00618)
Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 0% fat (FooDB: FOOD00889)
Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 1% fat (FooDB: FOOD00890)
Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 2% fat (FooDB: FOOD00891)
Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin D added, 3.25% fat (FooDB: FOOD00892)

Aquatic origin

Seaweed

Irish moss (FooDB: FOOD00382)

Pulse

Bean

Yellow wax bean (FooDB: FOOD00882)
Green bean (FooDB: FOOD00883)

Fruit

Berry

Saskatoon berry (FooDB: FOOD00884)
Nanking cherry (FooDB: FOOD00885)

Endogenous

Endogenous (HMDB: HMDB0000251)

Plant

Animal

Animal (HMDB: HMDB0000251)

Process

Naturally occurring process

Biological process

Biochemical pathway

Metabolic pathway

Taurine and Hypotaurine Metabolism (HMDB: HMDB0000251)
Bile Acid Biosynthesis (HMDB: HMDB0000251)
Sulfur Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0002382)
Sulfur Metabolism (Ethanesulfonate) (PathBank: SMP0121318)
Taurine Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0121268)
Bile Acid Biosynthesis (HMDB: HMDB0000251)
Taurine Metabolism I (PathBank: SMP0121357)
Inner Membrane Transport (PathBank: SMP0121270)
Sulfur Metabolism (Butanesulfonate) (PathBank: SMP0121316)
Sulfur Metabolism (Isethionate) (PathBank: SMP0121319)
Sulfur Metabolism (Propanesulfonate) (PathBank: SMP0121317)
Sulfur Metabolism (Methanesulfonate) (PathBank: SMP0121320)
Taurine and Hypotaurine Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0002379)

Disease pathway

Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency (HMDB: HMDB0000251)
Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type II (HMDB: HMDB0000251)
27-Hydroxylase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120652)
Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis (CTX) (PathBank: SMP0120683)
Familial Hypercholanemia (FHCA) (PathBank: SMP0120697)
Zellweger Syndrome (PathBank: SMP0120715)
Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type II (PathBank: SMP0120687)
Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type III (PathBank: SMP0120688)

Role

Industrial applicationBiological role

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Molecular Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	300 °C	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	80.7 mg/mL	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct Type	Data Source	CCS Value (Å²)	Reference
[M-H]-	Astarita_neg	118.0	30932474
[M-H]-	MetCCS_test_neg	116.4	30932474
[M+H]+	Astarita_pos	124.0	30932474
[M-H]-	Not Available	117.9	http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000083
[M+H]+	Not Available	134.3	http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000083

Predicted Molecular Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	105 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-2.2	ALOGPS
logP	-2.6	ChemAxon
logS	-0.08	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	-1.5	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	9.34	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	80.39 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	24.61 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	10.82 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

Predictor	Adduct Type	CCS Value (Å²)	Reference
DarkChem	[M+H]+	123.489	31661259
DarkChem	[M-H]-	115.888	31661259
AllCCS	[M+H]+	129.75	32859911
AllCCS	[M-H]-	125.912	32859911
DeepCCS	[M+H]+	131.115	30932474
DeepCCS	[M-H]-	128.315	30932474
DeepCCS	[M-2H]-	164.564	30932474
DeepCCS	[M+Na]+	139.174	30932474
AllCCS	[M+H]+	129.7	32859911
AllCCS	[M+H-H2O]+	125.6	32859911
AllCCS	[M+NH4]+	133.6	32859911
AllCCS	[M+Na]+	134.7	32859911
AllCCS	[M-H]-	125.9	32859911
AllCCS	[M+Na-2H]-	129.9	32859911
AllCCS	[M+HCOO]-	134.2	32859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

Metabolite	SMILES	Kovats RI Value	Column Type	Reference
Taurine	NCCS(O)(=O)=O	1952.2	Standard polar	33892256
Taurine	NCCS(O)(=O)=O	1037.3	Standard non polar	33892256
Taurine	NCCS(O)(=O)=O	1310.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / Structure	SMILES	Kovats RI Value	Column Type	Reference
Taurine,1TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)CCN	1360.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,1TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)CCN	1203.6	Standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,1TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)CCN	2301.2	Standard polar	33892256
Taurine,1TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)NCCS(=O)(=O)O	1497.7	Semi standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,1TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)NCCS(=O)(=O)O	1243.5	Standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,1TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)NCCS(=O)(=O)O	2483.3	Standard polar	33892256
Taurine,2TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)NCCS(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	1540.6	Semi standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,2TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)NCCS(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	1435.2	Standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,2TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)NCCS(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	1911.2	Standard polar	33892256
Taurine,2TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)N(CCS(=O)(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C	1615.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,2TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)N(CCS(=O)(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C	1569.6	Standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,2TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)N(CCS(=O)(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C	2257.4	Standard polar	33892256
Taurine,3TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)CCN([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	1691.7	Semi standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,3TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)CCN([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	1721.0	Standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,3TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)CCN([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	1856.3	Standard polar	33892256
Taurine,1TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)CCN	1610.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,1TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)CCN	1513.1	Standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,1TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)CCN	2465.1	Standard polar	33892256
Taurine,1TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NCCS(=O)(=O)O	1739.5	Semi standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,1TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NCCS(=O)(=O)O	1557.3	Standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,1TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NCCS(=O)(=O)O	2600.5	Standard polar	33892256
Taurine,2TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NCCS(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2007.6	Semi standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,2TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NCCS(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2003.1	Standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,2TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NCCS(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2082.9	Standard polar	33892256
Taurine,2TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(CCS(=O)(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2097.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,2TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(CCS(=O)(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2091.3	Standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,2TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(CCS(=O)(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2299.9	Standard polar	33892256
Taurine,3TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)CCN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2354.3	Semi standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,3TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)CCN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2517.2	Standard non polar	33892256
Taurine,3TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)CCN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2121.5	Standard polar	33892256

Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	Source	View
Experimental GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - Taurine GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-0032-1901000000-5373a9d32fa1f29b8012	2014-06-16	HMDB team, MONA, MassBank	View Spectrum
Experimental GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - Taurine GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0032-0901000000-f7cf5a7ef7741fe71454	2014-06-16	HMDB team, MONA, MassBank	View Spectrum
Experimental GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - Taurine GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-00di-9802000000-c315203efd199b1871e7	2014-06-16	HMDB team, MONA, MassBank	View Spectrum
Experimental GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - Taurine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0032-1901000000-5373a9d32fa1f29b8012	2017-09-12	HMDB team, MONA, MassBank	View Spectrum
Experimental GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - Taurine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0032-0901000000-f7cf5a7ef7741fe71454	2017-09-12	HMDB team, MONA, MassBank	View Spectrum
Experimental GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - Taurine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-9802000000-c315203efd199b1871e7	2017-09-12	HMDB team, MONA, MassBank	View Spectrum
Experimental GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - Taurine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0f9t-0902000000-41e2bea3bce85bb00386	2017-09-12	HMDB team, MONA, MassBank	View Spectrum
Experimental GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - Taurine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0f9t-0902000000-41e2bea3bce85bb00386	2017-09-12	HMDB team, MONA, MassBank	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Taurine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-000x-9000000000-fc8f496bf8d00c37dd84	2016-09-22	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Taurine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-0036-9000000000-a96a1a8b53b1b556f6ca	2014-09-20	Not Available	View Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	Source	View
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOF	splash10-006t-0890202100-ef2de9b47cafa707f789	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOF	splash10-004i-9300000000-530438ccab9f22503af5	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOF	splash10-00di-0900000000-ad642e440d924dfd8e20	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOF	splash10-006t-0097000000-24cfd722ea30b6a3b22d	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOF	splash10-006t-0790202100-45d57f0101d4cefbc981	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOF	splash10-004i-9300000000-bd1f04d82f9e675f2303	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOF	splash10-00di-0900000000-d411fff703670832e445	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOF	splash10-006t-0098000000-c86b66ff71cff513520f	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-00di-0900000000-31f44189a2671cf5d2e9	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-00e9-6900000000-cc7fe1badfe13959526d	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-001i-9000000000-ae6465f92e91cfad7276	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-001i-9000000000-af0ea33a51fe79abee00	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-001i-9000000000-27d6c7ae55f73bb21b3c	2012-08-31	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOF	splash10-00di-0900000000-31f44189a2671cf5d2e9	2017-09-14	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOF	splash10-00e9-6900000000-cc7fe1badfe13959526d	2017-09-14	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOF	splash10-001i-9000000000-ae6465f92e91cfad7276	2017-09-14	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOF	splash10-001i-9000000000-af0ea33a51fe79abee00	2017-09-14	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOF	splash10-001i-9000000000-27d6c7ae55f73bb21b3c	2017-09-14	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-ITFT , negative-QTOF	splash10-004i-9300000000-530438ccab9f22503af5	2017-09-14	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-ITFT , negative-QTOF	splash10-00di-0900000000-ad642e440d924dfd8e20	2017-09-14	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-ITFT , negative-QTOF	splash10-006t-0097000000-e6d9cd15ddc56b10a1c6	2017-09-14	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-ITFT , negative-QTOF	splash10-004i-9300000000-bd1f04d82f9e675f2303	2017-09-14	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-ITFT , negative-QTOF	splash10-00di-0900000000-d411fff703670832e445	2017-09-14	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine LC-ESI-ITFT , negative-QTOF	splash10-006t-0098000000-c86b66ff71cff513520f	2017-09-14	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Taurine , negative-QTOF	splash10-00di-4900000000-9793e5415fbc98c19205	2017-09-14	HMDB team, MONA	View Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Deposition Date	Source	View
Experimental 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	2012-12-04	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-16	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Experimental 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	2021-10-10	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	2012-12-05	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Deposition Date	Source	View
Predicted IR Spectrum	IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)	2023-02-03	FELIX lab	View Spectrum
Predicted IR Spectrum	IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)	2023-02-03	FELIX lab	View Spectrum
Predicted IR Spectrum	IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)	2023-02-03	FELIX lab	View Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Extracellular
Peroxisome

Biospecimen Locations

Bile
Blood
Breast Milk
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Feces
Saliva
Urine

Tissue Locations

Brain
Epidermis
Erythrocyte
Fibroblasts
Intestine
Kidney
Leukocyte
Liver
Neuron
Pancreas
Placenta
Platelet
Prostate
Retina
Skeletal Muscle

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank	KEGG
Taurine and Hypotaurine Metabolism
Primary bile acid biosynthesis	Not Available
Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type II		Not Available
Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type III		Not Available
Familial Hypercholanemia (FHCA)		Not Available

Normal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Bile	Detected and Quantified	>10 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	15780050	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	0-360 uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	Clinical and Labo...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	55.0 (42.0-69.0) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	12297216	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	61 +/- 17 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	2415198	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	42 +/- 12 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	2415198	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	104.0 +/- 62.0 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Male	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	162.0 +/- 60.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	141.0 +/- 57.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Blood	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	32966057	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	140 +/- 40 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	20416131	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	70.00-170.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Molecular You	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	93.0 +/- 35.7 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	28278231	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	152.1(113.7-179.8) uM	Children (1-13 uears old)	Both	Normal	27294788	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	91.0 +/- 3.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	16789974	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	61.0 +/- 17.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	6198473	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	42.0 +/- 12.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	6198473	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	19-265 uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	19-190 uM	Infant (1 - 3 months old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	10-97 uM	Children (3 months - 6 years old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	0-240 uM	Children (6 - 18 years old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Breast Milk	Detected and Quantified	190 +/- 66.6 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	24027187	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	6.6 +/- 1.7 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	8.24 (5.48-11.0) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	12834252	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	13.4 +/- 2.7 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	15911239	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	8.4 +/- 2.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	6198473	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	5.5 +/- 1.5 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	6198473	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	0-16 uM	Children (0 - 10 years old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	0-14 uM	Adolescent (>11 years old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	5.87 +/- 0.63 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	7595563	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	5.3 +/- 2.2 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	20803002	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	28270806	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	29808030	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Both	Normal	25486321	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	21761941	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	21761941	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	27543620	details
Feces	Detected and Quantified	140 +/- 290 nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	27624970	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Children (6 - 18 years old)	Both	Normal	27609529	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	27609529	details
Feces	Detected and Quantified	10 +/- 10 nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	27624970	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	25037050	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	40.1 +/- 24.5 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	Sugimoto et al. (...	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	105.56 +/- 56.53 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Zerihun T. Dame, ...	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	57.8 +/- 24.3 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	Sugimoto et al. (...	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	52 (10-268) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	19259987	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	66 (1-171) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	19259987	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	45 (<1-184) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	19259987	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	25 (<1-69) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	19259987	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	12097436	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	20300169	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	1-418 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	normal	19259987	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	1-56 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	normal	19259987	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	350.49 +/- 192.20 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	19468821	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	463.55 +/- 214.81 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	19468821	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	520.08 +/- 293.96 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	19468821	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	54.7 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	19309105	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	17022649	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	17022649	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	25733631	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	32966057	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	74.64-2841 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	32340350	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	1114 +/- 761.3 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Normal	32340350	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	6.45-252.82 umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	Mayo Clinic	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	1042 +/- 591.5 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Normal	32340350	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	22800120	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.00-159.98 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	David F. Putnam C...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.71-173.18 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	Mayo Clinic	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.18-938.73 umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Specified	Normal	Mayo Clinic	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	8.37 - 293.50 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.65 - 124.48 umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (1 - 6 months old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	9.72 - 158.62 umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (6 months - <1 year old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	13.57 - 205.77 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 2 years old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	14.81 - 259.47 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (2 - 4 years old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	20.01 - 298.59 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (4 - 13 years old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	18.65 - 233.13 umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13 - 21 years old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	18.65 - 233.13 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>21 years old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	90.239 +/- 61.212 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	Analysis of 30 no...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	57.42 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Shaykhutdinov RA,...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	81 (13-251) umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	24023812	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	7.24-368.20 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	Mayo Clinic	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	1107.39 (537.18-1691.0) umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	Analysis of 40 NI...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.6 +/- 1.6 umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (1 - 6 months old)	Both	Normal	3168222	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.5 +/-3.2 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	3168222	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	3.2 +/- 3.1 umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (6 months - <1 year old)	Both	Normal	3168222	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	36.07 +/- 29.16 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	15992788	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	60.45 (17.78-103.11) umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	Geigy Scientific ... West Cadwell, N.J... Basel, Switzerlan...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	8.60-398.062 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	Mayo Clinic	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	63.2 (21.1-105.0) umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Not Available	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	250-910 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	31506554	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.66-232.0048 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	Mayo Clinic	details

Abnormal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	188 uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Sulfite oxidase deficiency	Clinical and Labo...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	117.0 +/- 7.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Heart failure	16789974	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	67 +/- 20 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Schizophrenia	2415198	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	68 +/- 14 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Schizophrenia	2415198	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	182.7(150.9-226.9) uM	Children (1-13 uears old)	Both	Environmental enteric dysfunction	27294788	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	5.80 (5.30-6.30) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Epilepsy	14992292	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	6.49 (4.60-8.38) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Parkinson's Disease	12834252	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	8.0 +/- 4.3 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Leukemia	15911239	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	10.4 +/- 11.1 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Leukemia	15911239	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	5.0 +/- 0.86 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Schizophrenia	7595563	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Gout	28270806	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	27015276	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal Cancer	27275383	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Ulcerative colitis	21761941	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	ankylosing spondylitis	Tie-juan Sha...	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	rheumatoid arthritis	Tie-juan Sha...	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	25037050	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Irritable bowel syndrome	21761941	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Ulcerative colitis	21761941	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Children (6 - 18 years old)	Both	Crohns disease	27609529	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Children (6 - 18 years old)	Both	Ulcerative colitis	27609529	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Crohns disease	27609529	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Ulcerative colitis	27609529	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Unclassified IBD	27609529	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Oral cancer	20300169	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Breast cancer	20300169	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Pancreatic cancer	20300169	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Periodontal diseases	20300169	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Epithelial ovarian cancer	23163809	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Schizophrenia	22800120	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	58.393 +/- 30.929 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	Analysis of 30 no...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.0027 - 0.075 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	ADPKD	21389975	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	67 +/- 50 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Lung cancer	22157537	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	466 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Molybdenum cofactor deficiency	8051926	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	1261 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Not Specified	Molybdenum cofactor deficiency	8051926	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	280000000 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Female	Sulfite oxidase deficiency	23452914	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	121.6 +/- 3.5 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	3-Hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HL) deficency	19551947	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	72.9 +/- 10.7 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Propionic acidemia	19551947	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	98.3 +/- 7.1 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Maple syrup urine disease	19551947	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	49.4 +/- 1.4 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Aminoaciduria	19551947	details

Associated Disorders and Diseases

Disease References

Heart failure
Norrelund H, Wiggers H, Halbirk M, Frystyk J, Flyvbjerg A, Botker HE, Schmitz O, Jorgensen JO, Christiansen JS, Moller N: Abnormalities of whole body protein turnover, muscle metabolism and levels of metabolic hormones in patients with chronic heart failure. J Intern Med. 2006 Jul;260(1):11-21. [PubMed:16789974 ]
Sulfite oxidase deficiency, ISOLATED
Rocha S, Ferreira AC, Dias AI, Vieira JP, Sequeira S: Sulfite oxidase deficiency--an unusual late and mild presentation. Brain Dev. 2014 Feb;36(2):176-9. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2013.01.013. Epub 2013 Feb 27. [PubMed:23452914 ] Choong T. et al. (2010). Clinical and Laboratory Barriers to the Timely Diagnosis of Sulphite Oxidase Deficiency. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare, 19(2), 94-100.. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare.
Epilepsy
Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. [PubMed:14992292 ]
Parkinson's disease
Engelborghs S, Marescau B, De Deyn PP: Amino acids and biogenic amines in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Res. 2003 Aug;28(8):1145-50. [PubMed:12834252 ]
Leukemia
Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. [PubMed:15911239 ]
Schizophrenia
Do KQ, Lauer CJ, Schreiber W, Zollinger M, Gutteck-Amsler U, Cuenod M, Holsboer F: gamma-Glutamylglutamine and taurine concentrations are decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of drug-naive patients with schizophrenic disorders. J Neurochem. 1995 Dec;65(6):2652-62. [PubMed:7595563 ] Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Hagenfeldt L, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Plasma amino acids in relation to cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Br J Psychiatry. 1985 Sep;147:276-82. [PubMed:2415198 ] Cai HL, Li HD, Yan XZ, Sun B, Zhang Q, Yan M, Zhang WY, Jiang P, Zhu RH, Liu YP, Fang PF, Xu P, Yuan HY, Zhang XH, Hu L, Yang W, Ye HS: Metabolomic analysis of biochemical changes in the plasma and urine of first-episode neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia patients after treatment with risperidone. J Proteome Res. 2012 Aug 3;11(8):4338-50. doi: 10.1021/pr300459d. Epub 2012 Jul 26. [PubMed:22800120 ]
Irritable bowel syndrome
Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ]
Ulcerative colitis
Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ] Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Colorectal cancer
Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ] Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ] Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Crohn's disease
Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Gout
Shao T, Shao L, Li H, Xie Z, He Z, Wen C: Combined Signature of the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome in Patients with Gout. Front Microbiol. 2017 Feb 21;8:268. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00268. eCollection 2017. [PubMed:28270806 ]
Rheumatoid arthritis
Tie-juan ShaoZhi-xing HeZhi-jun XieHai-chang LiMei-jiao WangCheng-ping Wen. Characterization of ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis using 1H NMR-based metabolomics of human fecal extracts. Metabolomics. April 2016, 12:70 [Link]
Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment
Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Pancreatic cancer
Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Periodontal disease
Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Lung Cancer
Stretch C, Eastman T, Mandal R, Eisner R, Wishart DS, Mourtzakis M, Prado CM, Damaraju S, Ball RO, Greiner R, Baracos VE: Prediction of skeletal muscle and fat mass in patients with advanced cancer using a metabolomic approach. J Nutr. 2012 Jan;142(1):14-21. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.147751. Epub 2011 Dec 7. [PubMed:22157537 ]
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Gronwald W, Klein MS, Zeltner R, Schulze BD, Reinhold SW, Deutschmann M, Immervoll AK, Boger CA, Banas B, Eckardt KU, Oefner PJ: Detection of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by NMR spectroscopic fingerprinting of urine. Kidney Int. 2011 Jun;79(11):1244-53. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.30. Epub 2011 Mar 9. [PubMed:21389975 ]
Propionic acidemia
Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c. [PubMed:19551947 ]
Maple syrup urine disease
Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c. [PubMed:19551947 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency
van Gennip AH, Abeling NG, Stroomer AE, Overmars H, Bakker HD: The detection of molybdenum cofactor deficiency: clinical symptomatology and urinary metabolite profile. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1994;17(1):142-5. [PubMed:8051926 ]

Associated OMIM IDs

272300 (Sulfite oxidase deficiency, ISOLATED)
168600 (Parkinson's disease)
181500 (Schizophrenia)
114500 (Colorectal cancer)
266600 (Crohn's disease)
138900 (Gout)
180300 (Rheumatoid arthritis)
260350 (Pancreatic cancer)
170650 (Periodontal disease)
211980 (Lung Cancer)
601313 (Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease)
606054 (Propionic acidemia)
248600 (Maple syrup urine disease)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB01956

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Wikipedia Link

METLIN ID

PubChem Compound

1123

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

15891

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

VMH ID

TAUR

MarkerDB ID

MDB00000122

Good Scents ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Hu, Libo; Zhu, Hui; Du, Da-Ming; Xu, Jiaxi. Efficient synthesis of taurine and structurally diverse substituted taurines from aziridines. Journal of Organic Chemistry (2007), 72(12), 4543-4546.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Download (PDF)

General References

Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
Engelborghs S, Marescau B, De Deyn PP: Amino acids and biogenic amines in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Res. 2003 Aug;28(8):1145-50. [PubMed:12834252 ]
Hagenfeldt L, Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Amino acids in plasma and CSF and monoamine metabolites in CSF: interrelationship in healthy subjects. J Neurochem. 1984 Mar;42(3):833-7. [PubMed:6198473 ]
Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. [PubMed:15911239 ]
Cynober LA: Plasma amino acid levels with a note on membrane transport: characteristics, regulation, and metabolic significance. Nutrition. 2002 Sep;18(9):761-6. [PubMed:12297216 ]
Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. [PubMed:14992292 ]
Khan SA, Cox IJ, Hamilton G, Thomas HC, Taylor-Robinson SD: In vivo and in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a tool for investigating hepatobiliary disease: a review of H and P MRS applications. Liver Int. 2005 Apr;25(2):273-81. [PubMed:15780050 ]
Vinton NE, Laidlaw SA, Ament ME, Kopple JD: Taurine concentrations in plasma, blood cells, and urine of children undergoing long-term total parenteral nutrition. Pediatr Res. 1987 Apr;21(4):399-403. [PubMed:3106924 ]
Gonzalez-Quevedo A, Obregon F, Fernandez R, Santiesteban R, Serrano C, Lima L: Amino acid levels and ratios in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with optic neuropathy in Cuba. Nutr Neurosci. 2001;4(1):51-62. [PubMed:11842876 ]
Schneider SM, Joly F, Gehrardt MF, Badran AM, Myara A, Thuillier F, Coudray-Lucas C, Cynober L, Trivin F, Messing B: Taurine status and response to intravenous taurine supplementation in adults with short-bowel syndrome undergoing long-term parenteral nutrition: a pilot study. Br J Nutr. 2006 Aug;96(2):365-70. [PubMed:16923232 ]
McCarty MF: Complementary vascular-protective actions of magnesium and taurine: a rationale for magnesium taurate. Med Hypotheses. 1996 Feb;46(2):89-100. [PubMed:8692051 ]
Kopple JD, Vinton NE, Laidlaw SA, Ament ME: Effect of intravenous taurine supplementation on plasma, blood cell, and urine taurine concentrations in adults undergoing long-term parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990 Nov;52(5):846-53. [PubMed:2122710 ]
McMahon GP, O'Kennedy R, Kelly MT: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of taurine in human plasma using pre-column extraction and derivatization. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1996 Jun;14(8-10):1287-94. [PubMed:8818047 ]
Stover JF, Morganti-Kosmann MC, Lenzlinger PM, Stocker R, Kempski OS, Kossmann T: Glutamate and taurine are increased in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of severely brain-injured patients. J Neurotrauma. 1999 Feb;16(2):135-42. [PubMed:10098958 ]
Learn DB, Fried VA, Thomas EL: Taurine and hypotaurine content of human leukocytes. J Leukoc Biol. 1990 Aug;48(2):174-82. [PubMed:2370482 ]
Miglis M, Wilder D, Reid T, Bakaltcheva I: Effect of taurine on platelets and the plasma coagulation system. Platelets. 2002 Feb;13(1):5-10. [PubMed:11918831 ]
Axelson M, Ellis E, Mork B, Garmark K, Abrahamsson A, Bjorkhem I, Ericzon BG, Einarsson C: Bile acid synthesis in cultured human hepatocytes: support for an alternative biosynthetic pathway to cholic acid. Hepatology. 2000 Jun;31(6):1305-12. [PubMed:10827156 ]
Hu S, Zhao X, Yin S, Meng J: [A study on the mechanism of taurine postponing the aging process of human fetal brain neural cells]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 1997 Mar;26(2):98-101. [PubMed:10325611 ]
Goodman HO, Shihabi Z, Oles KS: Antiepileptic drugs and plasma and platelet taurine in epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1989 Mar-Apr;30(2):201-7. [PubMed:2494044 ]
Sturman JA, Messing JM, Rossi SS, Hofmann AF, Neuringer MD: Tissue taurine content and conjugated bile acid composition of rhesus monkey infants fed a human infant soy-protein formula with or without taurine supplementation for 3 months. Neurochem Res. 1988 Apr;13(4):311-6. [PubMed:3393260 ]
Gonzalez-Quevedo A, Obregon F, Santiesteban Freixas R, Fernandez R, Lima L: [Amino acids as biochemical markers in epidemic and endemic optic neuropathies]. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 1998;50 Suppl:241-4. [PubMed:10349454 ]
Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 11 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters

Enzymes

Enzyme Details

1. Bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase

General function:: Involved in thiolester hydrolase activity
Specific function:: Involved in bile acid metabolism. In liver hepatocytes catalyzes the second step in the conjugation of C24 bile acids (choloneates) to glycine and taurine before excretion into bile canaliculi. The major components of bile are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. In a first step the bile acids are converted to an acyl-CoA thioester, either in peroxisomes (primary bile acids deriving from the cholesterol pathway), or cytoplasmic at the endoplasmic reticulum (secondary bile acids). May catalyze the conjugation of primary or secondary bile acids, or both. The conjugation increases the detergent properties of bile acids in the intestine, which facilitates lipid and fat-soluble vitamin absorption. In turn, bile acids are deconjugated by bacteria in the intestine and are recycled back to the liver for reconjugation (secondary bile acids). May also act as an acyl-CoA thioesterase that regulates intracellular levels of free fatty acids. In vitro, catalyzes the hydrolysis of long- and very long-chain saturated acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), and conjugates glycine to these acyl-CoAs.
Gene Name:: BAAT
Uniprot ID:: Q14032
Molecular weight:: 46298.865

Reactions

Choloyl-CoA + Taurine → Coenzyme A + Taurocholic acid	details
Chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + Taurine → Taurochenodesoxycholic acid + Coenzyme A	details

Enzyme Details

2. Glutamate decarboxylase 2

General function:: Involved in carboxy-lyase activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the production of GABA.
Gene Name:: GAD2
Uniprot ID:: Q05329
Molecular weight:: 65410.77

Reactions

Cysteic acid → Taurine + Carbon dioxide	details

Enzyme Details

3. Glutamate decarboxylase 1

General function:: Involved in carboxy-lyase activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the production of GABA.
Gene Name:: GAD1
Uniprot ID:: Q99259
Molecular weight:: 66896.065

Reactions

Cysteic acid → Taurine + Carbon dioxide	details

Enzyme Details

4. Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1

General function:: Involved in gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
Specific function:: Initiates extracellular glutathione (GSH) breakdown, provides cells with a local cysteine supply and contributes to maintain intracellular GSH level. It is part of the cell antioxidant defense mechanism. Catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety of glutathione to amino acids and dipeptide acceptors. Alternatively, glutathione can be hydrolyzed to give Cys-Gly and gamma glutamate. Isoform 3 seems to be inactive.
Gene Name:: GGT1
Uniprot ID:: P19440
Molecular weight:: 61409.67

Reactions

(5-L-Glutamyl)-peptide + Taurine → Peptide + 5-L-Glutamyl-taurine	details

Enzyme Details

5. Gamma-glutamyltransferase 7

General function:: Involved in gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
Specific function:: Cleaves glutathione conjugates (By similarity).
Gene Name:: GGT7
Uniprot ID:: Q9UJ14
Molecular weight:: 70466.015

Reactions

(5-L-Glutamyl)-peptide + Taurine → Peptide + 5-L-Glutamyl-taurine	details

Enzyme Details

6. Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase

General function:: Involved in carboxy-lyase activity
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: CSAD
Uniprot ID:: Q9Y600
Molecular weight:: 55022.79

Reactions

Cysteic acid → Taurine + Carbon dioxide	details

Enzyme Details

7. Sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter

General function:: Involved in neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
Specific function:: Required for the uptake of taurine. Transports both taurine and beta-alanine which requires sodium ions. Chloride ions are necessary for optimal uptake.
Gene Name:: SLC6A6
Uniprot ID:: P31641
Molecular weight:: 69829.405

Enzyme Details

8. Gamma-glutamyltransferase 6

General function:: Involved in gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
Specific function:: Cleaves glutathione conjugates (By similarity).
Gene Name:: GGT6
Uniprot ID:: Q6P531
Molecular weight:: 50508.83

Reactions

(5-L-Glutamyl)-peptide + Taurine → Peptide + 5-L-Glutamyl-taurine	details

Enzyme Details

9. Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1

General function:: Involved in ion transport
Specific function:: The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing)
Gene Name:: GLRA1
Uniprot ID:: P23415
Molecular weight:: 52623.4

Enzyme Details

10. GGT7 protein

General function:: Involved in gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: GGT7
Uniprot ID:: A0PJJ9
Molecular weight:: 62565.3

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 11 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters

Showing metabocard for Taurine (HMDB0000251)

MOL for HMDB0000251 (Taurine)

3D MOL for HMDB0000251 (Taurine)

3D SDF for HMDB0000251 (Taurine)

3D-SDF for HMDB0000251 (Taurine)

PDB for HMDB0000251 (Taurine)

3D PDB for HMDB0000251 (Taurine)

SMILES for HMDB0000251 (Taurine)

INCHI for HMDB0000251 (Taurine)

Structure for HMDB0000251 (Taurine)

3D Structure for HMDB0000251 (Taurine)

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

Derivatized

GC-MS Spectra

MS/MS Spectra

NMR Spectra

IR Spectra

Enzymes

Reactions

Reactions

Reactions

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