| Identification |
|---|
| HMDB Protein ID
| HMDBP12173 |
| Secondary Accession Numbers
| None |
| Name
| Group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 |
| Synonyms
|
- Group X secretory phospholipase A2
- Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 10
- GX sPLA2
- sPLA2-X
|
| Gene Name
| PLA2G10 |
| Protein Type
| Unknown |
| Biological Properties |
|---|
| General Function
| Not Available |
| Specific Function
| Secretory calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that primarily targets extracellular phospholipids. Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids with preference for phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylglycerols over phosphatidylethanolamines. Preferentially releases sn-2 omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acyl (PUFA) chains over saturated fatty acyls (PubMed:12359733, PubMed:10531313). Contributes to phospholipid remodeling of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles (By similarity). Hydrolyzes LDL phospholipids releasing unsaturated fatty acids that regulate macrophage differentiation toward foam cells (By similarity). Efficiently hydrolyzes and inactivates PAF, a potent lipid mediator present in oxidized LDL (By similarity). May act in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Secreted by lung epithelium, targets membrane phospholipids of infiltrating eosinophils, releasing arachidonate and boosting eicosanoid and cysteinyl leukotriene synthesis involved in airway inflammatory response (PubMed:29093264, PubMed:17403936). Secreted by gut epithelium, hydrolyzes dietary and biliary phosphatidylcholines in the gastrointestinal lumen, thereby regulating adipogenesis and body weight (PubMed:21266581). Plays a stem cell regulator role in colon epithelium. Within intracellular compartment, mediates Paneth-like cell differentiation and its stem cell supporting functions by inhibiting Wnt signaling pathway in intestinal stem cell (ISC). Secreted in the intestinal lumen upon inflammation, acts in an autocrine way and promotes prostaglandin E2 synthesis that stimulates the Wnt signaling pathway in ISCs and tissue regeneration (PubMed:27292189). May participate in hair follicle morphogenesis by regulating phosphatidylethanolamines metabolism at the outermost epithelial layer and facilitating melanin synthesis (PubMed:21266583). By generating lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) at sperm acrosome controls sperm cell capacitation, acrosome reaction and overall fertility (PubMed:20424324, PubMed:21266581). May promote neurite outgrowth in neuron fibers involved in nociception (PubMed:21266581). Contributes to lipid remodeling of cellular membranes and generation of lipid mediators involved in pathogen clearance. Cleaves sn-2 fatty acyl chains of phosphatidylglycerols and phosphatidylethanolamines, which are major components of membrane phospholipids in bacteria (PubMed:12359733). Displays bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria by directly hydrolyzing phospholipids of the bacterial membrane (PubMed:11694541). In pulmonary epithelium, may contribute to host defense response against adenoviral infection. Prevents adenovirus entry into host cells by hydrolyzing host cell plasma membrane, releasing C16:0 LPCs that inhibit virus-mediated membrane fusion and viral infection. Likely prevents adenoviral entry into the endosomes of host cells (By similarity). May play a role in maturation and activation of innate immune cells including macrophages, group 2 innate lymphoid cells and mast cells (PubMed:29093264). |
| Pathways
|
- alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism
- Arachidonic acid metabolism
- Ether lipid metabolism
- Fat digestion and absorption
- Glycerophospholipid metabolism
- Linoleic acid metabolism
- Pancreatic secretion
- Ras signaling pathway
- Vascular smooth muscle contraction
|
| Reactions
| Not Available |
| GO Classification
|
| Biological Process |
| cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor |
| negative regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity |
| intestinal stem cell homeostasis |
| macrophage activation |
| negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response |
| phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process |
| phosphatidylglycerol metabolic process |
| phosphatidylserine metabolic process |
| platelet activating factor catabolic process |
| phospholipid metabolic process |
| negative regulation of inflammatory response |
| phosphatidylcholine catabolic process |
| low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling |
| positive regulation of acrosome reaction |
| arachidonic acid secretion |
| erythrocyte maturation |
| lysophospholipid transport |
| negative regulation of cholesterol efflux |
| positive regulation of arachidonic acid secretion |
| positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process |
| positive regulation of lipid storage |
| positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion |
| defense response to virus |
| phosphatidylcholine metabolic process |
| axon guidance |
| production of molecular mediator involved in inflammatory response |
| cholesterol homeostasis |
| fertilization |
| hair follicle morphogenesis |
| regulation of macrophage activation |
| prostaglandin biosynthetic process |
| phosphatidic acid metabolic process |
| Cellular Component |
| lysosome |
| extracellular space |
| acrosomal vesicle |
| Molecular Function |
| phospholipase A2 activity |
| phospholipase activity |
| phospholipid binding |
| calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity |
| 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase activity |
| calcium ion binding |
| phospholipase A2 activity (consuming 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) |
| phospholipase A2 activity consuming 1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine) |
|
| Cellular Location
|
Not Available
|
| Gene Properties |
|---|
| Chromosome Location
| Not Available |
| Locus
| Not Available |
| SNPs
| Not Available |
| Gene Sequence
|
Not Available
|
| Protein Properties |
|---|
| Number of Residues
| 151 |
| Molecular Weight
| 17004.5 |
| Theoretical pI
| 6.593 |
| Pfam Domain Function
|
|
| Signals
|
|
|
Transmembrane Regions
|
Not Available
|
| Protein Sequence
|
Not Available
|
| External Links |
|---|
| GenBank ID Protein
| Not Available |
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID
| Q9QXX3 |
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name
| PA2GX_MOUSE |
| PDB IDs
|
Not Available |
| GenBank Gene ID
| Not Available |
| GeneCard ID
| Not Available |
| GenAtlas ID
| Not Available |
| HGNC ID
| Not Available |
| References |
|---|
| General References
| - Valentin E, Ghomashchi F, Gelb MH, Lazdunski M, Lambeau G: On the diversity of secreted phospholipases A(2). Cloning, tissue distribution, and functional expression of two novel mouse group II enzymes. J Biol Chem. 1999 Oct 29;274(44):31195-202. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.44.31195. [PubMed:10531313 ]
- Morioka Y, Saiga A, Yokota Y, Suzuki N, Ikeda M, Ono T, Nakano K, Fujii N, Ishizaki J, Arita H, Hanasaki K: Mouse group X secretory phospholipase A2 induces a potent release of arachidonic acid from spleen cells and acts as a ligand for the phospholipase A2 receptor. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2000 Sep 1;381(1):31-42. doi: 10.1006/abbi.2000.1977. [PubMed:11019817 ]
- Yokota Y, Notoya M, Higashino K, Ishimoto Y, Nakano K, Arita H, Hanasaki K: Clearance of group X secretory phospholipase A(2) via mouse phospholipase A(2) receptor. FEBS Lett. 2001 Dec 7;509(2):250-4. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)03173-8. [PubMed:11741598 ]
|
