Hmdb loader
Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP09345
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • 15193
Name DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit RPA1
Synonyms
  1. A190
  2. DNA-directed RNA polymerase I largest subunit
  3. DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit A
  4. RNA polymerase I 194 kDa subunit
  5. RNA polymerase I subunit A1
  6. RPA194
Gene Name POLR1A
Protein Type Enzyme
Biological Properties
General Function Involved in DNA binding
Specific Function DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Largest and catalytic core component of RNA polymerase I which synthesizes ribosomal RNA precursors. Forms the polymerase active center together with the second largest subunit. A single stranded DNA template strand of the promoter is positioned within the central active site cleft of Pol I. A bridging helix emanates from RPA1 and crosses the cleft near the catalytic site and is thought to promote translocation of Pol I by acting as a ratchet that moves the RNA-DNA hybrid through the active site by switching from straight to bent conformations at each step of nucleotide addition (By similarity).
Pathways
  • Nucleotide Excision Repair
  • Purine metabolism
  • Pyrimidine metabolism
  • RNA polymerase
Reactions
Nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) → Pyrophosphate + RNA(n+1) details
Adenosine triphosphate + RNA → Pyrophosphate + RNA details
Guanosine triphosphate + RNA → Pyrophosphate + RNA details
Cytidine triphosphate + RNA → Pyrophosphate + RNA details
Uridine triphosphate + RNA → Pyrophosphate + RNA details
GO Classification
Biological Process
rRNA transcription
termination of RNA polymerase I transcription
transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter
transcription initiation from RNA polymerase I promoter
Cellular Component
nucleoplasm
DNA-directed RNA polymerase I complex
Function
binding
catalytic activity
transferase activity
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
nucleotidyltransferase activity
nucleic acid binding
dna binding
rna polymerase activity
dna-directed rna polymerase activity
Molecular Function
metal ion binding
zinc ion binding
DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity
DNA binding
Process
macromolecule biosynthetic process
cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process
metabolic process
biosynthetic process
transcription
Cellular Location
  1. Nucleus
  2. nucleolus
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location 2
Locus 2p11.2
SNPs POLR1A
Gene Sequence
>5163 bp
ATGTTGATCTCCAAGAACATGCCCTGGCGGCGGCTGCAGGGCATTTCCTTCGGGATGTAT
TCGGCTGAAGAGCTCAAGAAATTAAGTGTTAAATCCATTACGAACCCTCGATACCTGGAC
AGCCTGGGGAACCCATCGGCAAACGGCCTGTACGATTTAGCTTTGGGCCCTGCAGATTCC
AAAGAGGTGTGCTCCACCTGCGTGCAGGACTTCAGCAACTGTTCTGGGCACCTGGGCCAC
ATTGAGCTCCCACTCACAGTGTATAACCCTCTCCTCTTCGATAAGCTGTACCTGCTGCTT
CGGGGCTCTTGTTTAAACTGCCACATGCTGACTTGTCCCCGGGCCGTGATTCACCTCTTA
CTCTGCCAGCTGAGGGTTCTGGAAGTCGGGGCCCTACAAGCAGTCTACGAGCTTGAGAGA
ATTCTGAACAGGTTTCTGGAAGAAAATCCCGATCCCTCTGCCTCTGAAATTCGGGAGGAA
TTAGAACAATACACAACTGAAATTGTGCAGAACAACCTCCTGGGGTCCCAGGGCGCACAT
GTAAAGAACGTGTGTGAGAGCAAGAGCAAGCTCATTGCTCTCTTCTGGAAGGCACATATG
AATGCTAAGCGCTGTCCCCACTGCAAGACCGGGCGATCCGTTGTCCGAAAGGAACACAAC
AGCAAGTTGACTATCACGTTTCCAGCCATGGTGCACAGGACAGCTGGCCAGAAGGACTCT
GAGCCCCTGGGAATTGAGGAAGCTCAGATAGGAAAACGAGGATACTTAACACCCACCAGT
GCCCGCGAACACCTTTCTGCCCTGTGGAAGAATGAAGGATTCTTTCTGAACTACCTTTTT
TCGGGAATGGATGATGATGGTATGGAATCCAGATTCAATCCCAGTGTGTTCTTTCTAGAT
TTCTTGGTGGTGCCGCCCTCAAGGTATCGCCCAGTCAGTCGCCTAGGAGACCAGATGTTT
ACTAATGGCCAGACGGTGAACTTGCAGGCTGTCATGAAGGATGTAGTTCTGATTCGAAAA
CTTCTGGCATTGATGGCCCAAGAACAGAAGTTGCCAGAGGAAGTGGCCACACCCACTACA
GATGAGGAAAAAGACTCTTTGATTGCTATTGACCGATCCTTTTTGAGTACACTTCCAGGC
CAGTCCCTCATAGACAAACTTTACAACATTTGGATTCGCCTTCAGAGCCACGTCAATATT
GTGTTTGATAGCGAGATGGACAAACTAATGATGGACAAGTACCCAGGCATTAGGCAGATC
CTGGAGAAGAAAGAAGGCCTGTTCCGAAAACACATGATGGGAAAGCGAGTGGACTACGCT
GCGCGCTCAGTCATCTGCCCAGACATGTACATCAACACCAACGAAATTGGAATTCCCATG
GTGTTTGCCACAAAACTGACCTACCCACAGCCAGTTACCCCATGGAATGTTCAGGAACTT
AGGCAAGCGGTCATCAACGGCCCTAATGTGCACCCAGGAGCCTCCATGGTCATCAATGAG
GACGGCAGCCGCACAGCCCTGAGCGCTGTGGACATGACCCAGCGAGAGGCCGTGGCCAAG
CAGCTTCTGACCCCAGCCACGGGGGCACCTAAGCCCCAGGGGACAAAAATTGTGTGCCGG
CATGTGAAGAATGGGGACATTCTGCTACTGAACCGACAGCCCACACTGCACAGACCCTCC
ATCCAGGCCCACCGTGCCCGCATCCTGCCTGAAGAGAAAGTGCTGCGGCTCCACTATGCC
AACTGCAAGGCCTATAATGCCGACTTTGATGGAGACGAGATGAATGCCCATTTCCCCCAG
AGTGAGCTGGGCCGGGCCGAGGCCTACGTCCTGGCCTGCACTGATCAGCAGTACCTTGTT
CCCAAGGATGGCCAACCATTGGCGGGACTGATCCAGGATCACATGGTTTCAGGGGCAAGC
ATGACTACTCGGGGTTGCTTTTTCACCCGGGAGCACTATATGGAGCTGGTGTACCGAGGA
CTCACGGACAAAGTGGGGCGCGTGAAGCTCCTTTCTCCTTCCATCCTGAAGCCCTTTCCG
CTGTGGACAGGAAAACAGGTTGTGTCAACGCTGCTCATAAATATAATCCCAGAGGACCAC
ATCCCACTGAACTTATCTGGAAAGGCGAAAATCACTGGGAAAGCCTGGGTGAAGGAAACT
CCTCGATCCGTTCCTGGCTTTAACCCTGACTCGATGTGCGAGTCCCAGGTGATCATCAGG
GAAGGGGAGCTGCTCTGCGGAGTGCTGGACAAGGCGCACTATGGGAGCTCCGCCTACGGC
CTGGTCCACTGCTGCTATGAGATCTATGGAGGCGAGACCAGCGGCAAGGTTCTAACCTGC
CTGGCCCGCCTCTTCACCGCCTACCTGCAGCTCTACAGAGGCTTCACCTTGGGCGTGGAA
GACATTTTGGTGAAGCCAAAGGCAGATGTCAAGAGGCAACGTATCATTGAAGAATCCACC
CACTGCGGGCCCCAGGCTGTCAGGGCTGCATTAAACCTGCCAGAAGCCGCATCATATGAT
GAGGTCCGAGGAAAATGGCAGGATGCCCATCTGGGCAAGGACCAGAGGGATTTTAACATG
ATTGATCTGAAGTTCAAGGAGGAAGTGAACCATTACAGCAATGAGATTAACAAGGCATGC
ATGCCTTTTGGCCTACACAGACAGTTCCCAGAGAACAGCCTGCAGATGATGGTGCAGTCG
GGAGCCAAAGGTTCAACTGTGAACACGATGCAGATCTCGTGCCTGCTGGGCCAGATTGAA
CTGGAAGGTCGGAGACCCCCGCTGATGGCGTCTGGCAAGTCACTGCCCTGCTTTGAGCCT
TATGAGTTCACCCCCAGGGCTGGTGGCTTTGTCACTGGCAGGTTCCTTACCGGCATCAAA
CCTCCTGAGTTCTTCTTCCACTGCATGGCAGGACGAGAAGGCCTGGTGGACACTGCTGTG
AAAACCAGCCGCTCAGGCTATCTCCAAAGGTGCATCATCAAGCACCTAGAGGGGCTGGTC
GTGCAGTATGATCTCACGGTCCGTGACAGTGACGGCAGTGTGGTGCAGTTCCTGTATGGG
GAGGATGGCCTGGACATCCCCAAGACACAGTTCCTGCAGCCCAAGCAGTTCCCCTTCCTG
GCCAGCAACTACGAGGTGATAATGAAATCACAGCATCTCCATGAAGTTTTATCCAGAGCA
GATCCCAAAAAAGCTCTCCACCACTTCAGAGCTATCAAAAAATGGCAAAGCAAGCACCCC
AACACCCTGCTGAGAAGAGGCGCCTTCTTGAGTTATTCCCAGAAAATTCAGGAAGCTGTG
AAAGCCCTGAAACTTGAGAGTGAAAACCGCAATGGCCGCAGCCCTGGGACTCAGGAGATG
CTGAGGATGTGGTATGAGTTGGATGAGGAAAGCCGAAGGAAATACCAGAAGAAGGCGGCC
GCTTGTCCTGACCCCAGTCTGTCTGTCTGGCGTCCTGACATCTACTTTGCATCAGTGTCA
GAAACATTTGAAACAAAGGTTGATGACTACAGTCAAGAGTGGGCAGCTCAAACAGAGAAG
AGTTATGAGAAATCAGAGCTTTCTCTCGACAGGTTGAGGACCTTGCTGCAGCTGAAGTGG
CAGCGCTCACTGTGTGAGCCGGGCGAGGCTGTGGGCCTGCTGGCTGCCCAGAGCATCGGA
GAGCCCTCCACCCAGATGACCCTCAACACCTTCCACTTTGCAGGCAGAGGCGAGATGAAC
GTCACCCTGGGCATTCCAAGGTTGCGGGAGATTCTCATGGTGGCCAGCGCCAACATCAAG
ACACCCATGATGAGCGTGCCCGTGCTCAACACCAAGAAAGCCCTGAAGAGAGTGAAAAGC
CTGAAGAAGCAACTCACCAGGGTGTGCTTGGGGGAGGTGTTGCAGAAAATTGACGTCCAG
GAGTCCTTCTGTATGGAAGAAAAACAGAACAAATTCCAGGTGTACCAGCTGCGGTTTCAG
TTCCTGCCACATGCATATTACCAGCAGGAGAAGTGCCTGAGACCCGAGGACATCCTGCGC
TTCATGGAAACAAGATTCTTTAAACTTCTGATGGAATCCATCAAAAAGAAGAATAATAAA
GCATCAGCTTTCAGGAACGTAAACACTCGAAGAGCTACACAGCGGGATCTGGACAACGCT
GGGGAGTTGGGGAGGAGTCGGGGAGAGCAGGAGGGTGATGAGGAAGAGGAGGGGCACATT
GTGGATGCTGAAGCTGAGGAGGGAGACGCCGATGCCTCTGATGCCAAACGCAAGGAGAAG
CAGGAGGAGGAGGTTGATTATGAGAGTGAGGAAGAGGAGGAGAGGGAGGGCGAGGAGAAC
GACGATGAAGACATGCAGGAGGAACGAAATCCCCACAGGGAAGGTGCTCGAAAGACCCAA
GAGCAAGATGAAGAGGTGGGCTTAGGCACTGAGGAGGACCCGTCCCTTCCCGCCCTCCTG
ACGCAGCCCCGGAAACCCACCCACAGCCAGGAGCCCCAGGGGCCCGAGGCCATGGAGCGC
CGGGTCCAGGCTGTGCGTGAGATCCACCCGTTCATAGATGACTACCAGTACGACACCGAG
GAGAGCCTGTGGTGCCAGGTGACAGTGAAGCTCCCTCTGATGAAGATCAACTTTGACATG
AGCTCCCTGGTAGTATCTTTGGCCCATGGTGCCGTCATCTATGCGACCAAGGGCATCACT
CGGTGCCTCCTGAATGAAACAACCAACAATAAGAACGAGAAGGAGCTTGTGCTAAACACA
GAAGGAATCAACCTCCCAGAGCTATTCAAGTATGCAGAGGTCCTGGATCTGCGCCGCCTC
TACTCCAACGACATCCACGCCATAGCCAACACGTATGGCATTGAGGCCGCGCTGCGGGTG
ATCGAGAAGGAGATCAAGGATGTGTTTGCCGTGTATGGCATCGCGGTCGACCCTCGCCAT
CTCTCCCTGGTTGCTGATTATATGTGCTTCGAGGGTGTTTACAAGCCACTGAATCGCTTT
GGGATCCGGTCAAACTCTTCCCCGCTACAGCAGATGACATTTGAAACCAGCTTCCAGTTT
CTGAAGCAAGCCACCATGCTGGGATCCCACGATGAGCTGAGGTCTCCTTCTGCCTGCCTT
GTGGTCGGGAAGGTCGTCAGGGGCGGGACAGGCCTGTTCGAGCTCAAGCAGCCTCTGAGA
TAG
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 1720
Molecular Weight 194809.645
Theoretical pI 7.036
Pfam Domain Function
Signals Not Available
Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Protein Sequence
>DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit RPA1
MLISKNMPWRRLQGISFGMYSAEELKKLSVKSITNPRYLDSLGNPSANGLYDLALGPADS
KEVCSTCVQDFSNCSGHLGHIELPLTVYNPLLFDKLYLLLRGSCLNCHMLTCPRAVIHLL
LCQLRVLEVGALQAVYELERILNRFLEENPDPSASEIREELEQYTTEIVQNNLLGSQGAH
VKNVCESKSKLIALFWKAHMNAKRCPHCKTGRSVVRKEHNSKLTITFPAMVHRTAGQKDS
EPLGIEEAQIGKRGYLTPTSAREHLSALWKNEGFFLNYLFSGMDDDGMESRFNPSVFFLD
FLVVPPSRYRPVSRLGDQMFTNGQTVNLQAVMKDVVLIRKLLALMAQEQKLPEEVATPTT
DEEKDSLIAIDRSFLSTLPGQSLIDKLYNIWIRLQSHVNIVFDSEMDKLMMDKYPGIRQI
LEKKEGLFRKHMMGKRVDYAARSVICPDMYINTNEIGIPMVFATKLTYPQPVTPWNVQEL
RQAVINGPNVHPGASMVINEDGSRTALSAVDMTQREAVAKQLLTPATGAPKPQGTKIVCR
HVKNGDILLLNRQPTLHRPSIQAHRARILPEEKVLRLHYANCKAYNADFDGDEMNAHFPQ
SELGRAEAYVLACTDQQYLVPKDGQPLAGLIQDHMVSGASMTTRGCFFTREHYMELVYRG
LTDKVGRVKLLSPSILKPFPLWTGKQVVSTLLINIIPEDHIPLNLSGKAKITGKAWVKET
PRSVPGFNPDSMCESQVIIREGELLCGVLDKAHYGSSAYGLVHCCYEIYGGETSGKVLTC
LARLFTAYLQLYRGFTLGVEDILVKPKADVKRQRIIEESTHCGPQAVRAALNLPEAASYD
EVRGKWQDAHLGKDQRDFNMIDLKFKEEVNHYSNEINKACMPFGLHRQFPENSLQMMVQS
GAKGSTVNTMQISCLLGQIELEGRRPPLMASGKSLPCFEPYEFTPRAGGFVTGRFLTGIK
PPEFFFHCMAGREGLVDTAVKTSRSGYLQRCIIKHLEGLVVQYDLTVRDSDGSVVQFLYG
EDGLDIPKTQFLQPKQFPFLASNYEVIMKSQHLHEVLSRADPKKALHHFRAIKKWQSKHP
NTLLRRGAFLSYSQKIQEAVKALKLESENRNGRSPGTQEMLRMWYELDEESRRKYQKKAA
ACPDPSLSVWRPDIYFASVSETFETKVDDYSQEWAAQTEKSYEKSELSLDRLRTLLQLKW
QRSLCEPGEAVGLLAAQSIGEPSTQMTLNTFHFAGRGEMNVTLGIPRLREILMVASANIK
TPMMSVPVLNTKKALKRVKSLKKQLTRVCLGEVLQKIDVQESFCMEEKQNKFQVYQLRFQ
FLPHAYYQQEKCLRPEDILRFMETRFFKLLMESIKKKNNKASAFRNVNTRRATQRDLDNA
GELGRSRGEQEGDEEEEGHIVDAEAEEGDADASDAKRKEKQEEEVDYESEEEEEREGEEN
DDEDMQEERNPHREGARKTQEQDEEVGLGTEEDPSLPALLTQPRKPTHSQEPQGPEAMER
RVQAVREIHPFIDDYQYDTEESLWCQVTVKLPLMKINFDMSSLVVSLAHGAVIYATKGIT
RCLLNETTNNKNEKELVLNTEGINLPELFKYAEVLDLRRLYSNDIHAIANTYGIEAALRV
IEKEIKDVFAVYGIAVDPRHLSLVADYMCFEGVYKPLNRFGIRSNSSPLQQMTFETSFQF
LKQATMLGSHDELRSPSACLVVGKVVRGGTGLFELKQPLR
GenBank ID Protein 221044078
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O95602
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name RPA1_HUMAN
PDB IDs Not Available
GenBank Gene ID AK302458
GeneCard ID POLR1A
GenAtlas ID POLR1A
HGNC ID HGNC:17264
References
General References
  1. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed:14702039 ]
  2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed:15489334 ]
  3. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed:18669648 ]
  4. Imami K, Sugiyama N, Kyono Y, Tomita M, Ishihama Y: Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column. Anal Sci. 2008 Jan;24(1):161-6. [PubMed:18187866 ]
  5. Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed:17974005 ]
  6. Panov KI, Panova TB, Gadal O, Nishiyama K, Saito T, Russell J, Zomerdijk JC: RNA polymerase I-specific subunit CAST/hPAF49 has a role in the activation of transcription by upstream binding factor. Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Jul;26(14):5436-48. [PubMed:16809778 ]