Showing Protein DNA polymerase subunit gamma-1 (HMDBP00968)

• 6256

1. Mitochondrial DNA polymerase catalytic subunit
2. PolG-alpha

1. Mitochondrion

>3720 bp
ATGAGCCGCCTGCTCTGGAGGAAGGTGGCCGGCGCCACCGTCGGGCCAGGGCCGGTTCCA
GCTCCGGGGCGCTGGGTCTCCAGCTCCGTCCCCGCGTCCGACCCCAGCGACGGGCAGCGG
CGGCGGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAACAGCAGCCTCAGCAGCCGCAA
GTGCTATCCTCGGAGGGCGGGCAGCTGCGGCACAACCCATTGGACATCCAGATGCTCTCG
AGAGGGCTGCACGAGCAAATCTTCGGGCAAGGAGGGGAGATGCCTGGCGAGGCCGCGGTG
CGCCGCAGCGTCGAGCACCTGCAGAAGCACGGGCTCTGGGGGCAGCCAGCCGTGCCCTTG
CCCGACGTGGAGCTGCGCCTGCCGCCCCTCTACGGGGACAACCTGGACCAGCACTTCCGC
CTCCTGGCCCAGAAGCAGAGCCTGCCCTACCTGGAGGCGGCCAACTTGCTGTTGCAGGCC
CAGCTGCCCCCGAAGCCCCCGGCTTGGGCCTGGGCGGAGGGCTGGACCCGGTACGGCCCC
GAGGGGGAGGCCGTACCCGTGGCCATCCCCGAGGAGCGGGCCCTGGTGTTCGACGTGGAG
GTCTGCTTGGCAGAGGGAACTTGCCCCACATTGGCGGTGGCCATATCCCCCTCGGCCTGG
TATTCCTGGTGCAGCCAGCGGCTGGTGGAAGAGCGTTACTCTTGGACCAGCCAGCTGTCG
CCGGCTGACCTCATCCCCCTGGAGGTCCCTACTGGTGCCAGCAGCCCCACCCAGAGAGAC
TGGCAGGAGCAGTTAGTGGTGGGGCACAATGTTTCCTTTGACCGAGCTCATATCAGGGAG
CAGTACCTGATCCAGGGTTCCCGCATGCGTTTCCTGGACACCATGAGCATGCACATGGCC
ATCTCAGGGCTAAGCAGCTTCCAGCGCAGTCTGTGGATAGCAGCCAAGCAGGGCAAACAC
AAGGTCCAGCCCCCCACAAAGCAAGGCCAGAAGTCCCAGAGGAAAGCCAGAAGAGGCCCA
GCGATCTCATCCTGGGACTGGCTGGACATCAGCAGTGTCAACAGTCTGGCAGAGGTGCAC
AGACTTTATGTAGGGGGGCCTCCCTTAGAGAAGGAGCCTCGAGAACTGTTTGTGAAGGGC
ACCATGAAGGACATTCGTGAGAACTTCCAGGACCTGATGCAGTACTGTGCCCAGGACGTG
TGGGCCACCCATGAGGTTTTCCAGCAGCAGCTACCGCTCTTCTTGGAGAGGTGTCCCCAC
CCAGTGACTCTGGCCGGCATGCTGGAGATGGGTGTCTCCTACCTGCCTGTCAACCAGAAC
TGGGAGCGTTACCTGGCAGAGGCACAGGGCACTTATGAGGAGCTCCAGCGGGAGATGAAG
AAGTCGTTGATGGATCTGGCCAATGATGCCTGCCAGCTGCTCTCAGGAGAGAGGTACAAA
GAAGACCCCTGGCTCTGGGACCTGGAGTGGGACCTGCAAGAATTTAAGCAGAAGAAAGCT
AAGAAGGTGAAGAAGGAACCAGCCACAGCCAGCAAGTTGCCCATCGAGGGGGCTGGGGCC
CCTGGTGATCCCATGGATCAGGAAGACCTCGGCCCCTGCAGTGAGGAGGAGGAGTTTCAA
CAAGATGTCATGGCCCGCGCCTGCTTGCAGAAGCTGAAGGGGACCACAGAGCTCCTGCCC
AAGCGGCCCCAGCACCTTCCTGGACACCCTGGATGGTACCGGAAGCTCTGCCCCCGGCTA
GACGACCCTGCATGGACCCCGGGCCCCAGCCTCCTCAGCCTGCAGATGCGGGTCACACCT
AAACTCATGGCACTTACCTGGGATGGCTTCCCTCTGCACTACTCAGAGCGTCATGGCTGG
GGCTACTTGGTGCCTGGGCGGCGGGACAACCTGGCCAAGCTGCCGACAGGTACCACCCTG
GAGTCAGCTGGGGTGGTCTGCCCCTACAGAGCCATCGAGTCCCTGTACAGGAAGCACTGT
CTCGAACAGGGGAAGCAGCAGCTGATGCCCCAGGAGGCCGGCCTGGCGGAGGAGTTCCTG
CTCACTGACAATAGTGCCATATGGCAAACGGTAGAAGAACTGGATTACTTAGAAGTGGAG
GCTGAGGCCAAGATGGAGAACTTGCGAGCTGCAGTGCCAGGTCAACCCCTAGCTCTGACT
GCCCGTGGTGGCCCCAAGGACACCCAGCCCAGCTATCACCATGGCAATGGACCTTACAAC
GACGTGGACATCCCTGGCTGCTGGTTTTTCAAGCTGCCTCACAAGGATGGTAATAGCTGT
AATGTGGGAAGCCCCTTTGCCAAGGACTTCCTGCCCAAGATGGAGGATGGCACCCTGCAG
GCTGGCCCAGGAGGTGCCAGTGGGCCCCGTGCTCTGGAAATCAACAAAATGATTTCTTTC
TGGAGGAACGCCCATAAACGTATCAGCTCCCAGATGGTGGTGTGGCTGCCCAGGTCAGCT
CTGCCCCGTGCTGTGATCAGGCACCCCGACTATGATGAGGAAGGCCTCTATGGGGCCATC
CTGCCCCAAGTGGTGACTGCCGGCACCATCACTCGCCGGGCTGTGGAGCCCACATGGCTC
ACCGCCAGCAATGCCCGGCCTGACCGAGTAGGCAGTGAGTTGAAAGCCATGGTGCAGGCC
CCACCTGGCTACACCCTTGTGGGTGCTGATGTGGACTCCCAAGAGCTGTGGATTGCAGCT
GTGCTTGGAGACGCCCACTTTGCCGGCATGCATGGCTGCACAGCCTTTGGGTGGATGACA
CTGCAGGGCAGGAAGAGCAGGGGCACTGATCTACACAGTAAGACAGCCACTACTGTGGGC
ATCAGCCGTGAGCATGCCAAAATCTTCAACTACGGCCGCATCTATGGTGCTGGGCAGCCC
TTTGCTGAGCGCTTACTAATGCAGTTTAACCACCGGCTCACACAGCAGGAGGCAGCTGAG
AAGGCCCAGCAGATGTACGCTGCCACCAAGGGCCTCCGCTGGTATCGGCTGTCGGATGAG
GGCGAGTGGCTGGTGAGGGAGTTGAACCTCCCAGTGGACAGGACTGAGGGTGGCTGGATT
TCCCTGCAGGATCTGCGCAAGGTCCAGAGAGAAACTGCAAGGAAGTCACAGTGGAAGAAG
TGGGAGGTGGTTGCTGAACGGGCATGGAAGGGGGGCACAGAGTCAGAAATGTTCAATAAG
CTTGAGAGCATTGCTACGTCTGACATACCACGTACCCCGGTGCTGGGCTGCTGCATCAGC
CGAGCCCTGGAGCCCTCGGCTGTCCAGGAAGAGTTTATGACCAGCCGTGTGAATTGGGTG
GTACAGAGCTCTGCTGTTGACTACTTACACCTCATGCTTGTGGCCATGAAGTGGCTGTTT
GAAGAGTTTGCCATAGATGGGCGCTTCTGCATCAGCATCCATGACGAGGTTCGCTACCTG
GTGCGGGAGGAGGACCGCTACCGCGCTGCCCTGGCCTTGCAGATCACCAACCTCTTGACC
AGGTGCATGTTTGCCTACAAGCTGGGTCTGAATGACTTGCCCCAGTCAGTCGCCTTTTTC
AGTGCAGTCGATATTGACCGGTGCCTCAGGAAGGAAGTGACCATGGATTGTAAAACCCCT
TCCAACCCAACTGGGATGGAAAGGAGATACGGGATTCCCCAGGGTGAAGCGCTGGATATT
TACCAGATAATTGAACTCACCAAAGGCTCCTTGGAAAAACGAAGCCAGCCTGGACCATAG

• DNA_pol_A (PF00476 )

>DNA polymerase subunit gamma-1
MSRLLWRKVAGATVGPGPVPAPGRWVSSSVPASDPSDGQRRRQQQQQQQQQQQQQPQQPQ
VLSSEGGQLRHNPLDIQMLSRGLHEQIFGQGGEMPGEAAVRRSVEHLQKHGLWGQPAVPL
PDVELRLPPLYGDNLDQHFRLLAQKQSLPYLEAANLLLQAQLPPKPPAWAWAEGWTRYGP
EGEAVPVAIPEERALVFDVEVCLAEGTCPTLAVAISPSAWYSWCSQRLVEERYSWTSQLS
PADLIPLEVPTGASSPTQRDWQEQLVVGHNVSFDRAHIREQYLIQGSRMRFLDTMSMHMA
ISGLSSFQRSLWIAAKQGKHKVQPPTKQGQKSQRKARRGPAISSWDWLDISSVNSLAEVH
RLYVGGPPLEKEPRELFVKGTMKDIRENFQDLMQYCAQDVWATHEVFQQQLPLFLERCPH
PVTLAGMLEMGVSYLPVNQNWERYLAEAQGTYEELQREMKKSLMDLANDACQLLSGERYK
EDPWLWDLEWDLQEFKQKKAKKVKKEPATASKLPIEGAGAPGDPMDQEDLGPCSEEEEFQ
QDVMARACLQKLKGTTELLPKRPQHLPGHPGWYRKLCPRLDDPAWTPGPSLLSLQMRVTP
KLMALTWDGFPLHYSERHGWGYLVPGRRDNLAKLPTGTTLESAGVVCPYRAIESLYRKHC
LEQGKQQLMPQEAGLAEEFLLTDNSAIWQTVEELDYLEVEAEAKMENLRAAVPGQPLALT
ARGGPKDTQPSYHHGNGPYNDVDIPGCWFFKLPHKDGNSCNVGSPFAKDFLPKMEDGTLQ
AGPGGASGPRALEINKMISFWRNAHKRISSQMVVWLPRSALPRAVIRHPDYDEEGLYGAI
LPQVVTAGTITRRAVEPTWLTASNARPDRVGSELKAMVQAPPGYTLVGADVDSQELWIAA
VLGDAHFAGMHGCTAFGWMTLQGRKSRGTDLHSKTATTVGISREHAKIFNYGRIYGAGQP
FAERLLMQFNHRLTQQEAAEKAQQMYAATKGLRWYRLSDEGEWLVRELNLPVDRTEGGWI
SLQDLRKVQRETARKSQWKKWEVVAERAWKGGTESEMFNKLESIATSDIPRTPVLGCCIS
RALEPSAVQEEFMTSRVNWVVQSSAVDYLHLMLVAMKWLFEEFAIDGRFCISIHDEVRYL
VREEDRYRAALALQITNLLTRCMFAYKLGLNDLPQSVAFFSAVDIDRCLRKEVTMDCKTP
SNPTGMERRYGIPQGEALDIYQIIELTKGSLEKRSQPGP

• 3IKM

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4. Van Goethem G, Dermaut B, Lofgren A, Martin JJ, Van Broeckhoven C: Mutation of POLG is associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia characterized by mtDNA deletions. Nat Genet. 2001 Jul;28(3):211-2. [PubMed:11431686 ]
5. Lamantea E, Tiranti V, Bordoni A, Toscano A, Bono F, Servidei S, Papadimitriou A, Spelbrink H, Silvestri L, Casari G, Comi GP, Zeviani M: Mutations of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gammaA are a frequent cause of autosomal dominant or recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Ann Neurol. 2002 Aug;52(2):211-9. [PubMed:12210792 ]
6. Ponamarev MV, Longley MJ, Nguyen D, Kunkel TA, Copeland WC: Active site mutation in DNA polymerase gamma associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia causes error-prone DNA synthesis. J Biol Chem. 2002 May 3;277(18):15225-8. Epub 2002 Mar 15. [PubMed:11897778 ]
7. Filosto M, Mancuso M, Nishigaki Y, Pancrudo J, Harati Y, Gooch C, Mankodi A, Bayne L, Bonilla E, Shanske S, Hirano M, DiMauro S: Clinical and genetic heterogeneity in progressive external ophthalmoplegia due to mutations in polymerase gamma. Arch Neurol. 2003 Sep;60(9):1279-84. [PubMed:12975295 ]
8. Van Goethem G, Schwartz M, Lofgren A, Dermaut B, Van Broeckhoven C, Vissing J: Novel POLG mutations in progressive external ophthalmoplegia mimicking mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy. Eur J Hum Genet. 2003 Jul;11(7):547-9. [PubMed:12825077 ]
9. Van Goethem G, Lofgren A, Dermaut B, Ceuterick C, Martin JJ, Van Broeckhoven C: Digenic progressive external ophthalmoplegia in a sporadic patient: recessive mutations in POLG and C10orf2/Twinkle. Hum Mutat. 2003 Aug;22(2):175-6. [PubMed:12872260 ]
10. Di Fonzo A, Bordoni A, Crimi M, Sara G, Del Bo R, Bresolin N, Comi GP: POLG mutations in sporadic mitochondrial disorders with multiple mtDNA deletions. Hum Mutat. 2003 Dec;22(6):498-9. [PubMed:14635118 ]
11. Agostino A, Valletta L, Chinnery PF, Ferrari G, Carrara F, Taylor RW, Schaefer AM, Turnbull DM, Tiranti V, Zeviani M: Mutations of ANT1, Twinkle, and POLG1 in sporadic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO). Neurology. 2003 Apr 22;60(8):1354-6. [PubMed:12707443 ]
12. Van Goethem G, Mercelis R, Lofgren A, Seneca S, Ceuterick C, Martin JJ, Van Broeckhoven C: Patient homozygous for a recessive POLG mutation presents with features of MERRF. Neurology. 2003 Dec 23;61(12):1811-3. [PubMed:14694057 ]
13. Van Goethem G, Martin JJ, Dermaut B, Lofgren A, Wibail A, Ververken D, Tack P, Dehaene I, Van Zandijcke M, Moonen M, Ceuterick C, De Jonghe P, Van Broeckhoven C: Recessive POLG mutations presenting with sensory and ataxic neuropathy in compound heterozygote patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Neuromuscul Disord. 2003 Feb;13(2):133-42. [PubMed:12565911 ]
14. Naviaux RK, Nguyen KV: POLG mutations associated with Alpers' syndrome and mitochondrial DNA depletion. Ann Neurol. 2004 May;55(5):706-12. [PubMed:15122711 ]
15. Lamantea E, Zeviani M: Sequence analysis of familial PEO shows additional mutations associated with the 752C-->T and 3527C-->T changes in the POLG1 gene. Ann Neurol. 2004 Sep;56(3):454-5. [PubMed:15349879 ]
16. Mancuso M, Filosto M, Oh SJ, DiMauro S: A novel polymerase gamma mutation in a family with ophthalmoplegia, neuropathy, and Parkinsonism. Arch Neurol. 2004 Nov;61(11):1777-9. [PubMed:15534189 ]
17. Luoma P, Melberg A, Rinne JO, Kaukonen JA, Nupponen NN, Chalmers RM, Oldfors A, Rautakorpi I, Peltonen L, Majamaa K, Somer H, Suomalainen A: Parkinsonism, premature menopause, and mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma mutations: clinical and molecular genetic study. Lancet. 2004 Sep 4-10;364(9437):875-82. [PubMed:15351195 ]
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20. Hakonen AH, Heiskanen S, Juvonen V, Lappalainen I, Luoma PT, Rantamaki M, Goethem GV, Lofgren A, Hackman P, Paetau A, Kaakkola S, Majamaa K, Varilo T, Udd B, Kaariainen H, Bindoff LA, Suomalainen A: Mitochondrial DNA polymerase W748S mutation: a common cause of autosomal recessive ataxia with ancient European origin. Am J Hum Genet. 2005 Sep;77(3):430-41. Epub 2005 Jul 27. [PubMed:16080118 ]
21. Davidzon G, Mancuso M, Ferraris S, Quinzii C, Hirano M, Peters HL, Kirby D, Thorburn DR, DiMauro S: POLG mutations and Alpers syndrome. Ann Neurol. 2005 Jun;57(6):921-3. [PubMed:15929042 ]
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23. Luoma PT, Luo N, Loscher WN, Farr CL, Horvath R, Wanschitz J, Kiechl S, Kaguni LS, Suomalainen A: Functional defects due to spacer-region mutations of human mitochondrial DNA polymerase in a family with an ataxia-myopathy syndrome. Hum Mol Genet. 2005 Jul 15;14(14):1907-20. Epub 2005 May 25. [PubMed:15917273 ]
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25. Davidzon G, Greene P, Mancuso M, Klos KJ, Ahlskog JE, Hirano M, DiMauro S: Early-onset familial parkinsonism due to POLG mutations. Ann Neurol. 2006 May;59(5):859-62. [PubMed:16634032 ]
26. Gonzalez-Vioque E, Blazquez A, Fernandez-Moreira D, Bornstein B, Bautista J, Arpa J, Navarro C, Campos Y, Fernandez-Moreno MA, Garesse R, Arenas J, Martin MA: Association of novel POLG mutations and multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions with variable clinical phenotypes in a Spanish population. Arch Neurol. 2006 Jan;63(1):107-11. [PubMed:16401742 ]
27. Horvath R, Hudson G, Ferrari G, Futterer N, Ahola S, Lamantea E, Prokisch H, Lochmuller H, McFarland R, Ramesh V, Klopstock T, Freisinger P, Salvi F, Mayr JA, Santer R, Tesarova M, Zeman J, Udd B, Taylor RW, Turnbull D, Hanna M, Fialho D, Suomalainen A, Zeviani M, Chinnery PF: Phenotypic spectrum associated with mutations of the mitochondrial polymerase gamma gene. Brain. 2006 Jul;129(Pt 7):1674-84. Epub 2006 Apr 18. [PubMed:16621917 ]
28. Naimi M, Bannwarth S, Procaccio V, Pouget J, Desnuelle C, Pellissier JF, Rotig A, Munnich A, Calvas P, Richelme C, Jonveaux P, Castelnovo G, Simon M, Clanet M, Wallace D, Paquis-Flucklinger V: Molecular analysis of ANT1, TWINKLE and POLG in patients with multiple deletions or depletion of mitochondrial DNA by a dHPLC-based assay. Eur J Hum Genet. 2006 Aug;14(8):917-22. Epub 2006 Apr 26. [PubMed:16639411 ]
29. Gago MF, Rosas MJ, Guimaraes J, Ferreira M, Vilarinho L, Castro L, Carpenter S: SANDO: two novel mutations in POLG1 gene. Neuromuscul Disord. 2006 Aug;16(8):507-9. Epub 2006 Aug 21. [PubMed:16919951 ]
30. Hudson G, Schaefer AM, Taylor RW, Tiangyou W, Gibson A, Venables G, Griffiths P, Burn DJ, Turnbull DM, Chinnery PF: Mutation of the linker region of the polymerase gamma-1 (POLG1) gene associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and Parkinsonism. Arch Neurol. 2007 Apr;64(4):553-7. [PubMed:17420318 ]
31. Taanman JW, Rahman S, Pagnamenta AT, Morris AA, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Wolf NI, Leonard JV, Clayton PT, Schapira AH: Analysis of mutant DNA polymerase gamma in patients with mitochondrial DNA depletion. Hum Mutat. 2009 Feb;30(2):248-54. doi: 10.1002/humu.20852. [PubMed:18828154 ]
32. Giordano C, Powell H, Leopizzi M, De Curtis M, Travaglini C, Sebastiani M, Gallo P, Taylor RW, d'Amati G: Fatal congenital myopathy and gastrointestinal pseudo-obstruction due to POLG1 mutations. Neurology. 2009 Mar 24;72(12):1103-5. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000345002.47396.e1. [PubMed:19307547 ]