Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2014-04-16 18:03:49 UTC |
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Update Date | 2023-05-30 20:55:51 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0061684 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | N-Acetylisoleucine |
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Description | N-Acetyl-L-isoleucine or N-Acetylisoleucine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. N-Acetylisoleucine can also be classified as an alpha amino acid or a derivatized alpha amino acid. Technically, N-Acetylisoleucine is a biologically available N-terminal capped form of the proteinogenic alpha amino acid L-isolecuine. N-acetyl amino acids can be produced either via direct synthesis of specific N-acetyltransferases or via the proteolytic degradation of N-acetylated proteins by specific hydrolases. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process in eukaryotes that is involved in protection and stability of proteins (PMID: 16465618 ). About 85% of all human proteins and 68% of all yeast proteins are acetylated at their N-terminus (PMID: 21750686 ). Several proteins from prokaryotes and archaea are also modified by N-terminal acetylation. The majority of eukaryotic N-terminal-acetylation reactions occur through N-acetyltransferase enzymes or NAT’s (PMID: 30054468 ). These enzymes consist of three main oligomeric complexes NatA, NatB, and NatC, which are composed of at least a unique catalytic subunit and one unique ribosomal anchor. The substrate specificities of different NAT enzymes are mainly determined by the identities of the first two N-terminal residues of the target protein. The human NatA complex co-translationally acetylates N-termini that bear a small amino acid (A, S, T, C, and occasionally V and G) (PMID: 30054468 ). NatA also exists in a monomeric state and can post-translationally acetylate acidic N-termini residues (D-, E-). NatB and NatC acetylate N-terminal methionine with further specificity determined by the identity of the second amino acid. N-acetylated amino acids, such as N-acetylisoleucine can be released by an N-acylpeptide hydrolase from peptides generated by proteolytic degradation (PMID: 16465618 ). In addition to the NAT enzymes and protein-based acetylation, N-acetylation of free isoleucine can also occur. In particular, N-Acetylisoleucine can be biosynthesized from L-isoleucine and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme leucine/isoleucine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.66). Excessive amounts N-acetyl amino acids including N-acetylisoleucine (as well as N-acetylglycine, N-acetylserine, N-acetylglutamine, N-acetylglutamate, N-acetylalanine, N-acetylmethionine and smaller amounts of N-acetylthreonine, N-acetylleucine, and N-acetylvaline) can be detected in the urine with individuals with acylase I deficiency, a genetic disorder (PMID: 16465618 ). Aminoacylase I is a soluble homodimeric zinc binding enzyme that catalyzes the formation of free aliphatic amino acids from N-acetylated precursors. In humans, Aminoacylase I is encoded by the aminoacylase 1 gene (ACY1) on chromosome 3p21 that consists of 15 exons (OMIM 609924 ). Individuals with aminoacylase I deficiency will experience convulsions, hearing loss and difficulty feeding (PMID: 16465618 ). ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. Many N-acetylamino acids, including N-acetylisoleucine are classified as uremic toxins if present in high abundance in the serum or plasma (PMID: 26317986 ; PMID: 20613759 ). Uremic toxins are a diverse group of endogenously produced molecules that, if not properly cleared or eliminated by the kidneys, can cause kidney damage, cardiovascular disease and neurological deficits (PMID: 18287557 ). |
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Structure | CC[C@H](C)[C@H](NC(C)=O)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C8H15NO3/c1-4-5(2)7(8(11)12)9-6(3)10/h5,7H,4H2,1-3H3,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/t5-,7-/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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N-Acetyl-L-isoleucine | HMDB | N-Acetylisoleucine | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C8H15NO3 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 173.212 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 173.105193347 |
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IUPAC Name | (2S,3S)-2-acetamido-3-methylpentanoic acid |
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Traditional Name | (2S,3S)-2-acetamido-3-methylpentanoic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 3077-46-1 |
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SMILES | CC[C@H](C)[C@H](NC(C)=O)C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C8H15NO3/c1-4-5(2)7(8(11)12)9-6(3)10/h5,7H,4H2,1-3H3,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/t5-,7-/m0/s1 |
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InChI Key | JDTWZSUNGHMMJM-FSPLSTOPSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as isoleucine and derivatives. Isoleucine and derivatives are compounds containing isoleucine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of isoleucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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Direct Parent | Isoleucine and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Isoleucine or derivatives
- N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
- N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
- N-acyl-l-alpha-amino acid
- Branched fatty acid
- Methyl-branched fatty acid
- Fatty acyl
- Fatty acid
- Acetamide
- Carboxamide group
- Secondary carboxylic acid amide
- Carboxylic acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Organooxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | |
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Disposition | |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Not Available |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredictor | Adduct Type | CCS Value (Å2) | Reference |
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DeepCCS | [M+H]+ | 139.288 | 30932474 | DeepCCS | [M-H]- | 136.911 | 30932474 | DeepCCS | [M-2H]- | 171.712 | 30932474 | DeepCCS | [M+Na]+ | 146.749 | 30932474 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatizedDerivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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N-Acetylisoleucine,1TMS,isomer #1 | CC[C@H](C)[C@H](NC(C)=O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1435.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | N-Acetylisoleucine,1TMS,isomer #2 | CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C | 1450.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | N-Acetylisoleucine,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)N(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C | 1467.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | N-Acetylisoleucine,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)N(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C | 1474.6 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | N-Acetylisoleucine,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)N(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C | 1620.7 | Standard polar | 33892256 | N-Acetylisoleucine,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC[C@H](C)[C@H](NC(C)=O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1668.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | N-Acetylisoleucine,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1668.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | N-Acetylisoleucine,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1923.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | N-Acetylisoleucine,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1904.4 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | N-Acetylisoleucine,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1926.4 | Standard polar | 33892256 |
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Spectra |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - N-Acetylisoleucine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - N-Acetylisoleucine 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001i-0900000000-609e437cf2ac060af44f | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - N-Acetylisoleucine 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001i-3900000000-9b51475a5da15f8eaf25 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - N-Acetylisoleucine 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-c26bfff8c0984b37883d | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - N-Acetylisoleucine 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-004i-2900000000-d5828facfca52464b957 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - N-Acetylisoleucine 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-08gi-7900000000-c80b9454ed64aa64141c | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - N-Acetylisoleucine 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-5bfdf3e204a666e2e1c9 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | Not Available |
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Biospecimen Locations | |
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Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.47 (0.32-0.74) umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Cancer patients undergoing total body irradiation | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal Cancer | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Cancer patients undergoing total body irradiation | | details |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | Colorectal cancer |
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- Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
- Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
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Associated OMIM IDs | |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | Not Available |
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KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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Chemspider ID | 5397969 |
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KEGG Compound ID | Not Available |
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BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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BiGG ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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METLIN ID | Not Available |
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PubChem Compound | 7036275 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 21555 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | ACILE_L |
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MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available |
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General References | - Sass JO, Mohr V, Olbrich H, Engelke U, Horvath J, Fliegauf M, Loges NT, Schweitzer-Krantz S, Moebus R, Weiler P, Kispert A, Superti-Furga A, Wevers RA, Omran H: Mutations in ACY1, the gene encoding aminoacylase 1, cause a novel inborn error of metabolism. Am J Hum Genet. 2006 Mar;78(3):401-9. Epub 2006 Jan 18. [PubMed:16465618 ]
- Jellum E, Horn L, Thoresen O, Kvittingen EA, Stokke O: Urinary excretion of N-acetyl amino acids in patients with some inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 1986;184:21-6. [PubMed:3473611 ]
- Tanaka H, Sirich TL, Plummer NS, Weaver DS, Meyer TW: An Enlarged Profile of Uremic Solutes. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 28;10(8):e0135657. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135657. eCollection 2015. [PubMed:26317986 ]
- Van Damme P, Hole K, Pimenta-Marques A, Helsens K, Vandekerckhove J, Martinho RG, Gevaert K, Arnesen T: NatF contributes to an evolutionary shift in protein N-terminal acetylation and is important for normal chromosome segregation. PLoS Genet. 2011 Jul;7(7):e1002169. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002169. Epub 2011 Jul 7. [PubMed:21750686 ]
- Ree R, Varland S, Arnesen T: Spotlight on protein N-terminal acetylation. Exp Mol Med. 2018 Jul 27;50(7):1-13. doi: 10.1038/s12276-018-0116-z. [PubMed:30054468 ]
- Toyohara T, Akiyama Y, Suzuki T, Takeuchi Y, Mishima E, Tanemoto M, Momose A, Toki N, Sato H, Nakayama M, Hozawa A, Tsuji I, Ito S, Soga T, Abe T: Metabolomic profiling of uremic solutes in CKD patients. Hypertens Res. 2010 Sep;33(9):944-52. doi: 10.1038/hr.2010.113. Epub 2010 Jul 8. [PubMed:20613759 ]
- Vanholder R, Baurmeister U, Brunet P, Cohen G, Glorieux G, Jankowski J: A bench to bedside view of uremic toxins. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 May;19(5):863-70. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2007121377. Epub 2008 Feb 20. [PubMed:18287557 ]
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