Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected but not Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2012-09-11 22:14:15 UTC |
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Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:55:08 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0036994 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Terpinolene |
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Description | Terpinolene (TPO), also known as alpha-terpinolene or isoterpinene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. Thus, terpinolene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Terpinolene is a very hydrophobic monoterpenoid, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes in plants is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. Terpinolene is one of the constituents of turpentine and an isomer of terpinene. It appears colourless to pale yellow liquid. Alpha-terpinolene has been identified as an abundant monoterpene in the essential oil of Cannabis sativa plants (PMID:6991645 ). There are more than 140 known terpenes in cannabis and the combination of these terepenoids produces the skunky, fruity odor characteristic of C. savita. Although common in cannabis cultivars, terpinolene is typically found in relatively low amounts. On the other hand, the concentration of terpinolene can be has high as 30% of the essential oil. It is thought that terpinolene offers a mildly sedative effect and can reduce anxiety (PMID:28826544 ). In particular, terpinolene is a central nervous system depressant that has been shown to induce drowsiness (PMID:23339024 ). Terpinolene has been demonstrated to prevent LDL oxidation and is of potential interest in the treatment of atherogenesis and coronary artery disease (PMID:28826544 ). Terpinolene exhibits antifungal and larvicidal properties (PMID:28826544 ). Terpinolene is also an effective anti-microbial agent, particularly against E coli and Staphylococcus bacteria (PMID:16402540 ). Terpinolene is also employed as a fragrence ingredient in lotions, insect repellents (similar to other terpenes), perfumes, and soaps. Terpinolene is also a constituent of many other essential oils e. g. Citrus, Mentha, Juniperus, Myristica species. Parsnip oil (Pastinaca sativa) in particular, is a major source (40-70%). Terpinolene is a sweet, citrus, and fresh tasting compound. It produces a floral, woody or herbal aroma reminiscent of pine needles. In addition to being found in various plant essential oils, terpinolene is found in a few different foods and spices, such as allspice, apples, sage, rosemary, parsnips, nutmegs, and wild carrots and in a lower concentration in sweet bay, star anises, turmerics, apricots, cumins, evergreen blackberries, red bell peppers, and caraway. |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4H,5-7H2,1-3H3 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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1,4(8)-p-Menthadiene | ChEBI | 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-1-cyclohexene | ChEBI | 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)cyclohexene | ChEBI | 4-Isopropylidene-1-methylcyclohexene | ChEBI | alpha-Terpinolene | ChEBI | Isoterpinene | ChEBI | Terpinolen | ChEBI | a-Terpinolene | Generator | Α-terpinolene | Generator | 1,4(8)-Terpadiene | HMDB | 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-cyclohexene | HMDB | 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)cyclohexene, 9ci | HMDB | 1-Methyl-4-(propan-2-ylidene)cyclohexene | HMDB | 1-Methyl-4-isopropylidene-1-cyclohexene | HMDB | 4-Isopropylidene-1-methyl-cyclohexene | HMDB | alpha -Terpinolene | HMDB | Cyclohexene, 3-methyl-6-(1-methylethylidene)- (9ci) | HMDB | FEMA 3046 | HMDB | p-Mentha-1,4(8)-diene | PhytoBank | Terpinolene | PhytoBank | delta-Terpinene | PhytoBank | δ-Terpinene | PhytoBank |
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Chemical Formula | C10H16 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 136.238 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 136.125200515 |
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IUPAC Name | 1-methyl-4-(propan-2-ylidene)cyclohex-1-ene |
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Traditional Name | terpinolene |
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CAS Registry Number | 586-62-9 |
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SMILES | CC(C)=C1CCC(C)=CC1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4H,5-7H2,1-3H3 |
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InChI Key | MOYAFQVGZZPNRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Prenol lipids |
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Sub Class | Monoterpenoids |
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Direct Parent | Menthane monoterpenoids |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - P-menthane monoterpenoid
- Monocyclic monoterpenoid
- Branched unsaturated hydrocarbon
- Cycloalkene
- Cyclic olefin
- Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
- Unsaturated hydrocarbon
- Olefin
- Hydrocarbon
- Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | Not Available |
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Disposition | |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | < 25 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | 183.00 to 185.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg | The Good Scents Company Information System | Water Solubility | 0.0095 mg/mL at 23 °C | Not Available | LogP | 4.47 | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatized |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Terpinolene EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-009f-9400000000-68d00c428f3eca0ec8a8 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Terpinolene EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-001l-9400000000-960c0e59a9b4fbc2f209 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Terpinolene EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-009f-9400000000-68d00c428f3eca0ec8a8 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Terpinolene EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-001l-9400000000-960c0e59a9b4fbc2f209 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Terpinolene GC-EI-Q (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9500000000-3a9b5aafe573ed72e592 | 2020-07-08 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Terpinolene GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-006x-9300000000-9316ff5aec80ce021334 | 2016-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Terpinolene GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Terpinolene GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | MS | Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) | splash10-0006-9400000000-2d00513ea08f32f70cc4 | 2014-09-20 | Not Available | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Terpinolene 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-3900000000-b14825d366b8c8e2ab12 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Terpinolene 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000j-9500000000-18b9e19b4b2f2fd07710 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Terpinolene 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-1000-9100000000-59a2560a612381b96a85 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Terpinolene 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-954e07bd601b6ad95425 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Terpinolene 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-1900000000-e9d35affdc69e9aca942 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Terpinolene 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014u-6900000000-e560043bc5cf9af10365 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Terpinolene 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000b-9400000000-7485c8b1e120c014c1c4 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Terpinolene 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-055f-9100000000-1239888ed93266e025ce | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Terpinolene 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00ou-9000000000-c37bc4fa72e3458af8e0 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Terpinolene 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-a013b4ae27f975ab5621 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Terpinolene 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-a013b4ae27f975ab5621 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Terpinolene 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014l-8900000000-4cdb68ef9159fc3b02c7 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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Disease References | Asthma |
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- Ibrahim B, Basanta M, Cadden P, Singh D, Douce D, Woodcock A, Fowler SJ: Non-invasive phenotyping using exhaled volatile organic compounds in asthma. Thorax. 2011 Sep;66(9):804-9. doi: 10.1136/thx.2010.156695. Epub 2011 Jul 11. [PubMed:21749985 ]
| Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |
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- Raman M, Ahmed I, Gillevet PM, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM, Smith S, Greenwood R, Sikaroodi M, Lam V, Crotty P, Bailey J, Myers RP, Rioux KP: Fecal microbiome and volatile organic compound metabolome in obese humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Jul;11(7):868-75.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.02.015. Epub 2013 Feb 27. [PubMed:23454028 ]
| Crohn's disease |
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- Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello B, Ratcliffe N, Probert CS: Investigation of faecal volatile organic metabolites as novel diagnostic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Mar;43(5):596-611. doi: 10.1111/apt.13522. Epub 2016 Jan 25. [PubMed:26806034 ]
| Ulcerative colitis |
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- Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello B, Ratcliffe N, Probert CS: Investigation of faecal volatile organic metabolites as novel diagnostic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Mar;43(5):596-611. doi: 10.1111/apt.13522. Epub 2016 Jan 25. [PubMed:26806034 ]
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General References | - Farooq A, Choudhary MI, Atta-ur-Rahman, Tahara S, Baser KH, Demirci F: Detoxification of terpinolene by plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Z Naturforsch C. 2002 Sep-Oct;57(9-10):863-6. [PubMed:12440725 ]
- Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
- Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
- Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
- Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
- Turner CE, Elsohly MA, Boeren EG: Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. XVII. A review of the natural constituents. J Nat Prod. 1980 Mar-Apr;43(2):169-234. doi: 10.1021/np50008a001. [PubMed:6991645 ]
- McGarvey DJ, Croteau R: Terpenoid metabolism. Plant Cell. 1995 Jul;7(7):1015-26. doi: 10.1105/tpc.7.7.1015. [PubMed:7640522 ]
- (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
- Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.
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