Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2007-05-30 12:04:10 UTC |
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Update Date | 2022-09-22 18:34:55 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0006695 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | - HMDB0029018
- HMDB06695
- HMDB29018
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Prolylhydroxyproline |
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Description | Prolylhydroxyproline is a dipeptide. Prolylhydroxyproline is a marker of bone collagen degradation, showing high sensitivity for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Prolylhydroxyproline has been suggested as a possible alternative to hydroxyproline determination in bone resorption studies. Prolylhydroxyproline is one of the iminodipeptides present in the urine of patients with prolidase deficiency. Prolidase (X-Pro dipeptidase EC 3.4.13.9) splits iminodipeptides containing C-terminal proline or hydroxyproline (X-Pro or X-Hyp) to X+Pro or X+Hyp. Prolidase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by chronic ulcerative dermatitis and mental retardation. These patients excrete large amounts of iminodipeptides containing C-terminal proline in the urine due to hereditary prolidase deficiency (PMID: 12636053 , 11863289 , 2387877 , 1874885 , 9586797 ). |
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Structure | O[C@@H]1C[C@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C10H16N2O4/c13-6-4-8(10(15)16)12(5-6)9(14)7-2-1-3-11-7/h6-8,11,13H,1-5H2,(H,15,16)/t6-,7+,8+/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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L-Pro-L-hyp | ChEBI | L-Prolyl-L-hydroxyproline | ChEBI | (4R)-L-Prolyl-4-hydroxy-L-proline | HMDB | 4-Hydroxy-1-L-prolyl-proline | HMDB | L-4-Hydroxy-1-L-prolyl-proline | HMDB | Proline-hydroxyproline | HMDB | trans-4-Hydroxy-1-L-prolyl-proline | HMDB | Prolylhydroxyproline | ChEBI | Pro-hydroxy-Pro | HMDB | Pro-Hyp | HMDB | Proline hydroxyproline dipeptide | HMDB | Proline-hydroxyproline dipeptide | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C10H16N2O4 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 228.245 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 228.11100701 |
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IUPAC Name | (2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-1-[(2S)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid |
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Traditional Name | proline-hydroxyproline |
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CAS Registry Number | 18684-24-7 |
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SMILES | O[C@@H]1C[C@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1)C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C10H16N2O4/c13-6-4-8(10(15)16)12(5-6)9(14)7-2-1-3-11-7/h6-8,11,13H,1-5H2,(H,15,16)/t6-,7+,8+/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | ONPXCLZMBSJLSP-CSMHCCOUSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dipeptides. These are organic compounds containing a sequence of exactly two alpha-amino acids joined by a peptide bond. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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Direct Parent | Dipeptides |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Alpha-dipeptide
- N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
- N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
- Proline or derivatives
- N-acyl-l-alpha-amino acid
- Alpha-amino acid amide
- Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
- N-acylpyrrolidine
- Pyrrolidine carboxylic acid
- Pyrrolidine carboxylic acid or derivatives
- Pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
- Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
- Pyrrolidine
- Secondary alcohol
- Amino acid
- Amino acid or derivatives
- Carboxamide group
- Secondary amine
- Azacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Carboxylic acid
- Secondary aliphatic amine
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Alcohol
- Organonitrogen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Organooxygen compound
- Amine
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | Not Available |
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Disposition | |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatizedDerivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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Prolylhydroxyproline,1TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N(C(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2)C1 | 2141.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Prolylhydroxyproline,1TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CN1C(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 | 2078.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Prolylhydroxyproline,1TMS,isomer #3 | C[Si](C)(C)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N1C[C@H](O)C[C@H]1C(=O)O | 2036.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Prolylhydroxyproline,2TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)CN1C(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 | 2144.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Prolylhydroxyproline,2TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N(C(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2[Si](C)(C)C)C1 | 2084.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Prolylhydroxyproline,2TMS,isomer #3 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CN1C(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1[Si](C)(C)C | 2062.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Prolylhydroxyproline,3TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)CN1C(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1[Si](C)(C)C | 2152.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Prolylhydroxyproline,3TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)CN1C(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1[Si](C)(C)C | 2224.4 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Prolylhydroxyproline,3TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)CN1C(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1[Si](C)(C)C | 2678.3 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Prolylhydroxyproline,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N(C(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2)C1 | 2372.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Prolylhydroxyproline,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CN1C(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 | 2332.0 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Prolylhydroxyproline,1TBDMS,isomer #3 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N1C[C@H](O)C[C@H]1C(=O)O | 2303.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Prolylhydroxyproline,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CN1C(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 | 2599.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Prolylhydroxyproline,2TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N(C(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1 | 2582.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Prolylhydroxyproline,2TBDMS,isomer #3 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CN1C(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2546.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Prolylhydroxyproline,3TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CN1C(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2830.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Prolylhydroxyproline,3TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CN1C(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2799.3 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Prolylhydroxyproline,3TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CN1C(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2970.4 | Standard polar | 33892256 |
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Spectra |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Prolylhydroxyproline GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00dj-9200000000-cefb6332c4f93d2283b3 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Prolylhydroxyproline GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0a4l-2692000000-7b1c4c7371558705bfb0 | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Prolylhydroxyproline GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Prolylhydroxyproline GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prolylhydroxyproline 35V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-9200000000-6af4dc9ae133d399503c | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prolylhydroxyproline 35V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0b90-2900000000-84bcb537803c3e383c98 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prolylhydroxyproline 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03di-1490000000-d607eb5709327adc37c3 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prolylhydroxyproline 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0229-9520000000-53efc51e1a53a9bb992e | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prolylhydroxyproline 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-9200000000-c54979309cb483b47143 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prolylhydroxyproline 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0059-0690000000-385af9502303330863e3 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prolylhydroxyproline 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-05o0-3920000000-648587bfd6a99e5a6a25 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prolylhydroxyproline 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0239-9200000000-e801efd4fdf93e14e8f2 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prolylhydroxyproline 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-01u1-4890000000-317a4ceb981d4c1d3a2c | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prolylhydroxyproline 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-2900000000-cb814d27ee8198848547 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prolylhydroxyproline 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9100000000-df69d58c4ec35c77f011 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prolylhydroxyproline 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-01t9-5690000000-afc10370af26972ee32d | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prolylhydroxyproline 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0229-9610000000-4039cba60bbe790e2e1c | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prolylhydroxyproline 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-9300000000-0dd3ad4a047284fe2d79 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | Not Available |
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Biospecimen Locations | - Blood
- Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
- Sweat
- Urine
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Tissue Locations | |
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) | Detected and Quantified | 0.87 +/- 1.0 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 4.8-9.4 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 4.5-7.7 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 2.4-25.6 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) | Detected and Quantified | 0.086 +/- 0.016 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Alzheimer's disease | | details | Sweat | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Infant (0-1 year old) | Not Specified | screen-positive CF | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Epithelial ovarian cancer | | details |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | Alzheimer's disease |
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- Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG: Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer's disease subjects. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):213-24. Epub 2006 Oct 10. [PubMed:17031479 ]
| Cystic fibrosis |
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- Adriana Nori de Macedo. Robust capillary electrophoresis methods for biomarker discovery and routine measurements in clinical and epidemiological applications. March 2017 [Link]
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Associated OMIM IDs | |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | FDB024028 |
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KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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Chemspider ID | 10077215 |
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KEGG Compound ID | Not Available |
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BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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BiGG ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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METLIN ID | Not Available |
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PubChem Compound | 11902892 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 74767 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | Not Available |
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MarkerDB ID | MDB00000488 |
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Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | ustova, V.; Blaha, Karel. Amino acids and peptides. CXXVI. Dipeptides containing proline and 4-hydroxyproline. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications (1975), 40(3), 662-9. |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available |
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General References | - Husek P, Pohlidal A, Slabik D: Rapid screening of urinary proline-hydroxyproline dipeptide in bone turnover studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Feb 5;767(1):169-74. [PubMed:11863289 ]
- Pohlidal A, Husek P, Palicka V, Slabik D, Hill M, Matucha P: Novel and traditional biomarkers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2003 Jan;41(1):74-8. [PubMed:12636053 ]
- Sugahara K, Kodama H: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for simultaneous analyses of iminodipeptides containing an N-terminal or a C-terminal proline. J Chromatogr. 1991 Apr 19;565(1-2):408-15. [PubMed:1874885 ]
- Kodama H, Nakamura H, Sugahara K, Numajiri Y: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the qualitative analyses of iminodipeptides in the urine of patients with prolidase deficiency. J Chromatogr. 1990 May 18;527(2):279-88. [PubMed:2387877 ]
- Zhang J, Sugahara K, Yasuda K, Kodama H, Sagara Y, Kodama H: The effects of serum iminodipeptides and prednisolone on superoxide generation and tyrosyl phosphorylation of proteins in neutrophils from a patient with prolidase deficiency. Free Radic Biol Med. 1998 Mar 15;24(5):689-98. [PubMed:9586797 ]
- Lowry M, Hall DE, Brosnan JT: Metabolism of glycine- and hydroxyproline-containing peptides by the isolated perfused rat kidney. Biochem J. 1985 Jul 15;229(2):545-9. [PubMed:4038280 ]
- Kawaguchi T, Nanbu PN, Kurokawa M: Distribution of prolylhydroxyproline and its metabolites after oral administration in rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2012;35(3):422-7. [PubMed:22382331 ]
- Lampiaho K, Nikkari T, Pikkarainen J, Karkkainen J, Kulonen E: Unexpected occurrence of prolylhydroxyproline during the analysis of collagen-bound carbohydrates by gas-liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1972 Feb 2;64(2):211-8. [PubMed:5013106 ]
- Bienenstock HKIBRICK AC: Urinary excretion of prolylhydroxyproline in rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 1969 Jan;28(1):28-30. [PubMed:5305862 ]
- Codini M, Palmerini CA, Fini C, Lucarelli C, Floridi A: High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of prolyl peptides in urine. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 4;536(1-2):337-41. [PubMed:2050773 ]
- KIBRICK AC, HASHIRO CQ, SCHULTZ RS, WALTERS MI, MILHORAT AT: PROLYLHYDROXYPROLINE IN URINE: ITS DETERMINATION AND OBSERVATIONS IN MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY. Clin Chim Acta. 1964 Oct;10:344-51. [PubMed:14219579 ]
- Hueckel HJ, Rogers QR: Prolylhydroxyproline absorption in hamsters. Can J Biochem. 1972 Jul;50(7):782-90. [PubMed:5050935 ]
- Kibrick AC, Power HL, Sevendal E, Milhorat AT: Prolylhydroxyproline in urine: improved method for detecting radioactivity with a scanner on full sheets of chromatography paper. Anal Biochem. 1968 Oct 24;25(1):40-5. [PubMed:5704756 ]
- KIBRICK AC, HASHIRO CQ, WALTERS MI, MILHORAT AT: DIKETOPIPERAZINE OF PROLYLHYDROXYPROLINE IN NORMAL HUMAN URINE. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1965 Jan;118:62-4. [PubMed:14254586 ]
- Zhang A, Sun H, Han Y, Yuan Y, Wang P, Song G, Yuan X, Zhang M, Xie N, Wang X: Exploratory urinary metabolic biomarkers and pathways using UPLC-Q-TOF-HDMS coupled with pattern recognition approach. Analyst. 2012 Sep 21;137(18):4200-8. doi: 10.1039/c2an35780a. Epub 2012 Jul 31. [PubMed:22852134 ]
- Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]
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