Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected but not Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:49:24 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0004977 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | GlcCer(d18:1/26:0) |
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Description | GlcCer(d18:1/26:0), also known as cerebroside (CB), glycosphingolipid or glycoceramide, is a glucosylceramide (GlcCer). Glucosylceramides are members of the class of compounds known as sphingolipids (SPs), or glycosylceramides. SPs are lipids containing a backbone of sphingoid bases (e.g. sphingosine or sphinganine) that are often covalently bound to a fatty acid derivative through N-acylation. SPs are found in cell membranes, particularly in peripheral nerve cells and the cells found in the central nervous system (including the brain and spinal cord). Sphingolipids are extremely versatile molecules that have functions controlling fundamental cellular processes such as cell division, differentiation, and cell death. Impairments associated with sphingolipid metabolism are associated with many common human diseases such as diabetes, various cancers, microbial infections, diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological syndromes. The biosynthesis and catabolism of sphingolipids involves a large number of intermediate metabolites where many different enzymes are involved. Simple sphingolipids, which include the sphingoid bases and ceramides, make up the early products of the sphingolipid synthetic pathways, while complex sphingolipids may be formed by the addition of head groups to the ceramide template (Wikipedia). Cerebroside is the common name for monoglycosylceramides which are important components in animal muscle and nerve cell membranes. In terms of their chemical structure, GlcCers can either be glycosphingolipids (ceramide and oligosaccharide) or oligoglycosylceramides with one or more sialic acids (i.e. n-acetylneuraminic acid) linked on the sugar chain. GlcCers are important components of the cell plasma membrane, which modulates cell signal transduction events. Gangliosides have been found to be very important in immunology. Gangliosides can amount to 6% of the weight of lipids from brain, but they are found at lower levels in other animal tissues. There are four types of glycosphingolipids, the cerebrosides, sulfatides, globosides and gangliosides. CBs consist of a ceramide with a single sugar residue which could be either glucose or galactose; the two major types are therefore called glucocerebrosides (glucosylceramides; containing glucose) and galactocerebrosides (galactosylceramides; containing galactose). Galactocerebrosides are the most common and are typically found in neuronal cell membrane, while glucocerebrosides are the least common and are found in other tissues such as the spleen and erythrocytes. Glucocerebrosides are not normally found in cell membranes. Instead, they are typically intermediates in the synthesis or degradation of more complex glycosphingolipids. In humans, glucosylceramide is produced by the enzyme ceramide glucosyltransferase from a ceramide or by the enzyme beta-galactosidase from a lactosylceramides (LacCer). The latter could also be produced from glucosylceramides by the enzyme beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 6. Glucosylceramide could be hydrolyzed by the enzyme glucosylceramidase to produce a ceramide. Galactosylceramide on the other hand could undergo sulfoglycolipid biosynthesis to produce a sulfatide which in turn can be catalyzed by the enzyme arylsulfatase A to generate a galactosylceramide. Galactosylceramide could also be hydrolyzed to produce a ceramide by the enzyme galactosylceramidase. Other sources for galactosylceramide are ganglioside and digalactosylceramide, which are processed by the enzymes sialidase-2/3/4 and alpha-galactosidase respectively. Excess lysosomal accumulation of glucocerebrosides is found in Gaucher disease, which is an inborn error of metabolism. In terms of its appearance and structure, GlcCer(d18:1/26:0) is a colorless solid that consists of an unsaturated 18-carbon sphingoid base with an attached saturated hexacosanoyl fatty acid side chain. In most mammalian SPs, the 18-carbon sphingoid bases are predominant (PMID: 9759481 ). |
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Structure | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@H](O)\C=C\CCCCCCCCCCCCC InChI=1S/C50H97NO8/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-18-19-20-21-22-23-24-25-26-28-30-32-34-36-38-40-46(54)51-43(42-58-50-49(57)48(56)47(55)45(41-52)59-50)44(53)39-37-35-33-31-29-27-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h37,39,43-45,47-50,52-53,55-57H,3-36,38,40-42H2,1-2H3,(H,51,54)/b39-37+/t43-,44+,45+,47+,48-,49+,50+/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-N-(hexacosanoyl)sphingosine | ChEBI | beta-D-Glucosyl-N-docosanoylsphingosine | ChEBI | beta-GlcCer | ChEBI | beta-Glucosylceramide | ChEBI | Glucosylceramide (D18:1/26:0) | ChEBI | N-(Hexacosanoyl)-1-beta-glucosyl-sphing-4-enine | ChEBI | b-D-Glucopyranosyl-N-(hexacosanoyl)sphingosine | Generator | Β-D-glucopyranosyl-N-(hexacosanoyl)sphingosine | Generator | b-D-Glucosyl-N-docosanoylsphingosine | Generator | Β-D-glucosyl-N-docosanoylsphingosine | Generator | b-GlcCer | Generator | Β-glccer | Generator | b-Glucosylceramide | Generator | Β-glucosylceramide | Generator | N-(Hexacosanoyl)-1-b-glucosyl-sphing-4-enine | Generator | N-(Hexacosanoyl)-1-β-glucosyl-sphing-4-enine | Generator | b-D-Glucosyl-N-(hexacosanoyl)sphingosine | HMDB | Β-D-glucosyl-N-(hexacosanoyl)sphingosine | HMDB | 1-O-b-D-Glucopyranosyl-ceramide | HMDB | 1-O-beta-delta-Glucopyranosyl-ceramide | HMDB | Ganglioside GL1a | HMDB | Gaucher cerebroside | HMDB | GLC-beta1->1'cer | HMDB | GlcCeramide | HMDB | Glucocerebroside | HMDB | Glucosylceramide | HMDB | Glucosylceramide(D18:1/26:0) | MetBuilder | N-(Hexacosanoyl)-1-β-glucosyl-sphingosine | MetBuilder | N-(Hexacosanoyl)-1-β-glucosyl-D-erythro-sphingosine | MetBuilder | N-(Hexacosanoyl)-1-β-glucosyl-4-sphingenine | MetBuilder | N-(Hexacosanoyl)-1-β-glucosyl-D-sphingosine | MetBuilder | N-(Hexacosanoyl)-1-β-glucosyl-sphingenine | MetBuilder | N-(Hexacosanoyl)-1-β-glucosyl-erythro-4-sphingenine | MetBuilder |
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Chemical Formula | C50H97NO8 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 840.3071 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 839.721419085 |
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IUPAC Name | N-[(2S,3R,4E)-3-hydroxy-1-{[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}octadec-4-en-2-yl]hexacosanamide |
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Traditional Name | N-[(2S,3R,4E)-3-hydroxy-1-{[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}octadec-4-en-2-yl]hexacosanamide |
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CAS Registry Number | Not Available |
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SMILES | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@H](O)\C=C\CCCCCCCCCCCCC |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C50H97NO8/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-18-19-20-21-22-23-24-25-26-28-30-32-34-36-38-40-46(54)51-43(42-58-50-49(57)48(56)47(55)45(41-52)59-50)44(53)39-37-35-33-31-29-27-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h37,39,43-45,47-50,52-53,55-57H,3-36,38,40-42H2,1-2H3,(H,51,54)/b39-37+/t43-,44+,45+,47+,48-,49+,50+/m0/s1 |
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InChI Key | DOIOUJPHIXRQFM-WBOUPBNQSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glycosyl-n-acylsphingosines. Glycosyl-N-acylsphingosines are compounds containing a sphingosine linked to a simple glucosyl moiety. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Sphingolipids |
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Sub Class | Glycosphingolipids |
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Direct Parent | Glycosyl-N-acylsphingosines |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Glycosyl-n-acylsphingosine
- Fatty acyl glycoside
- Fatty acyl glycoside of mono- or disaccharide
- Alkyl glycoside
- Hexose monosaccharide
- Glycosyl compound
- O-glycosyl compound
- Fatty amide
- Fatty acyl
- Monosaccharide
- N-acyl-amine
- Oxane
- Carboxamide group
- Secondary carboxylic acid amide
- Secondary alcohol
- Acetal
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Oxacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Polyol
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Organopnictogen compound
- Alcohol
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Primary alcohol
- Carbonyl group
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | |
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Disposition | |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 0 | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesNot Available |
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General References | - Hara A, Kitazawa N, Taketomi T: Abnormalities of glycosphingolipids in mucopolysaccharidosis type III B. J Lipid Res. 1984 Feb;25(2):175-84. [PubMed:6423755 ]
- Beutler E: Gaucher disease. Blood Rev. 1988 Mar;2(1):59-70. [PubMed:3289655 ]
- Kaye EM, Ullman MD, Wilson ER, Barranger JA: Type 2 and type 3 Gaucher disease: a morphological and biochemical study. Ann Neurol. 1986 Aug;20(2):223-30. [PubMed:3752966 ]
- Conradi NG, Kalimo H, Sourander P: Reactions of vessel walls and brain parenchyma to the accumulation of Gaucher cells in the Norrbottnian type (type III) of Gaucher disease. Acta Neuropathol. 1988;75(4):385-90. [PubMed:3364161 ]
- Smith RL, Hutchins GM, Sack GH Jr, Ridolfi RL: Unusual cardiac, renal and pulmonary involvement in Gaucher's disease. Intersitial glucocerebroside accumulation, pulmonary hypertension and fatal bone marrow embolization. Am J Med. 1978 Aug;65(2):352-60. [PubMed:686020 ]
- Ohashi T: [Gene therapy for Gaucher disease]. Nihon Rinsho. 1995 Dec;53(12):3089-94. [PubMed:8577064 ]
- Nishimura RN, Barranger JA: Neurologic complications of Gaucher's disease, type 3. Arch Neurol. 1980 Feb;37(2):92-3. [PubMed:6766716 ]
- Eto Y, Ida H: [Molecular studies of Gaucher disease]. Rinsho Byori. 1996 Apr;44(4):327-34. [PubMed:8847814 ]
- Naito M, Takahashi K, Hojo H: An ultrastructural and experimental study on the development of tubular structures in the lysosomes of Gaucher cells. Lab Invest. 1988 May;58(5):590-8. [PubMed:3367638 ]
- Mariani G, Filocamo M, Giona F, Villa G, Amendola A, Erba P, Buffoni F, Copello F, Pierini A, Minichilli F, Gatti R, Brady RO: Severity of bone marrow involvement in patients with Gaucher's disease evaluated by scintigraphy with 99mTc-sestamibi. J Nucl Med. 2003 Aug;44(8):1253-62. [PubMed:12902415 ]
- Soffer D, Yamanaka T, Wenger DA, Suzuki K, Suzuki K: Central nervous system involvement in adult-onset Gaucher's disease. Acta Neuropathol. 1980;49(1):1-6. [PubMed:7355669 ]
- Ohashi T: [Gaucher disease]. Nihon Rinsho. 1995 Dec;53(12):2943-6. [PubMed:8577040 ]
- Starzl TE, Demetris AJ, Trucco M, Ricordi C, Ildstad S, Terasaki PI, Murase N, Kendall RS, Kocova M, Rudert WA, et al.: Chimerism after liver transplantation for type IV glycogen storage disease and type 1 Gaucher's disease. N Engl J Med. 1993 Mar 18;328(11):745-9. [PubMed:8437594 ]
- Pilz H, Heipertz R: [Differential diagnosis of congenital lipidoses by lipid analyses of body fluids, biopsy and autopsy tissue]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr Grenzgeb. 1975 Nov;43(11):602-17. [PubMed:53174 ]
- Nilsson O, Grabowski GA, Ludman MD, Desnick RJ, Svennerholm L: Glycosphingolipid studies of visceral tissues and brain from type 1 Gaucher disease variants. Clin Genet. 1985 May;27(5):443-50. [PubMed:3924448 ]
- Harzer K, Massenkeil G, Frohlich E: Concurrent increase of cholesterol, sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide in the spleen from non-neurologic Niemann-Pick type C patients but also patients possibly affected with other lipid trafficking disorders. FEBS Lett. 2003 Feb 27;537(1-3):177-81. [PubMed:12606053 ]
- Dawson G, Kruski AW, Scanu AM: Distribution of glycosphingolipids in the serum lipoproteins of normal human subjects and patients with hypo- and hyperlipidemias. J Lipid Res. 1976 Mar;17(2):125-31. [PubMed:178813 ]
- Adar T, Ben-Ami R, Elstein D, Zimran A, Berliner S, Yedgar S, Barshtein G: Aggregation of red blood cells in patients with Gaucher disease. Br J Haematol. 2006 Aug;134(4):432-7. Epub 2006 Jul 10. [PubMed:16827817 ]
- Dolen EG, Berdon WE, Ruzal-Shapiro C: "Cold bone scans" as a sign of hemorrhagic infarcts of the spine in Gaucher's disease. Pediatr Radiol. 1997 Jun;27(6):514-6. [PubMed:9174023 ]
- Daniels LB, Coyle PJ, Glew RH, Radin NS, Labow RS: Brain glucocerebrosidase in Gaucher's disease. Arch Neurol. 1982 Sep;39(9):550-6. [PubMed:6810854 ]
- Stirnemann J, Belmatoug N: [Adult Gaucher disease]. Rev Med Interne. 2001 Dec;22 Suppl 3:374s-383s. [PubMed:11794882 ]
- Erickson JS, Radin NS: N-hexyl-O-glucosyl sphingosine, an inhibitor of glucosyl ceramide -glucosidase. J Lipid Res. 1973 Mar;14(2):133-7. [PubMed:4698260 ]
- Deguchi H, Bouma BN, Middeldorp S, Lee YM, Griffin JH: Decreased plasma sensitivity to activated protein C by oral contraceptives is associated with decreases in plasma glucosylceramide. J Thromb Haemost. 2005 May;3(5):935-8. [PubMed:15869587 ]
- Shoenfeld Y, Gallant LA, Shaklai M, Livni E, Djaldetti M, Pinkhas J: Gaucher's disease: a disease with chronic stimulation of the immune system. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1982 Aug;106(8):388-91. [PubMed:7049116 ]
- Ringden O, Groth CG, Erikson A, Granqvist S, Mansson JE, Sparrelid E: Ten years' experience of bone marrow transplantation for Gaucher disease. Transplantation. 1995 Mar 27;59(6):864-70. [PubMed:7701581 ]
- Nilsson O, Mansson JE, Hakansson G, Svennerholm L: The occurrence of psychosine and other glycolipids in spleen and liver from the three major types of Gaucher's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1982 Sep 14;712(3):453-63. [PubMed:7126619 ]
- Dann K, Althaus C, Kersten A, vom Dahl S, Sundmacher R: [Uveitis masquerade syndrome in Gaucher disease. Causal treatment by alglucerase substitution therapy]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1998 Dec;213(6):358-61. [PubMed:10048015 ]
- Conradi NG, Sourander P, Nilsson O, Svennerholm L, Erikson A: Neuropathology of the Norrbottnian type of Gaucher disease. Morphological and biochemical studies. Acta Neuropathol. 1984;65(2):99-109. [PubMed:6524300 ]
- Beutler E: Gaucher disease: new molecular approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Science. 1992 May 8;256(5058):794-9. [PubMed:1589760 ]
- Owada M, Sakiyama T, Kitagawa T: Neuropathic Gaucher's disease with normal 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-glucosidase activity in the liver. Pediatr Res. 1977 May;11(5):641-6. [PubMed:870871 ]
- Nilsson O, Svennerholm L: Accumulation of glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine (psychosine) in cerebrum and cerebellum in infantile and juvenile Gaucher disease. J Neurochem. 1982 Sep;39(3):709-18. [PubMed:7097276 ]
- Liu Y, Suzuki K, Reed JD, Grinberg A, Westphal H, Hoffmann A, Doring T, Sandhoff K, Proia RL: Mice with type 2 and 3 Gaucher disease point mutations generated by a single insertion mutagenesis procedure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Mar 3;95(5):2503-8. [PubMed:9482915 ]
- Poll LW, Maas M, Terk MR, Roca-Espiau M, Bembi B, Ciana G, Weinreb NJ: Response of Gaucher bone disease to enzyme replacement therapy. Br J Radiol. 2002;75 Suppl 1:A25-36. [PubMed:12036830 ]
- Campbell PE, Harris CM, Harris CM, Sirimanna T, Vellodi A: A model of neuronopathic Gaucher disease. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2003;26(7):629-39. [PubMed:14707511 ]
- Schaison G, Caubel I, Belmatoug N, Billette de Villemeur T, Saudubray JM: [French results of enzyme replacement therapy in Gaucher's disease]. Bull Acad Natl Med. 2002;186(5):851-61; discussion 861-3. [PubMed:12412377 ]
- Hollak CE, Boot RG, Poorthuis BJ, Aerts JM: [From gene to disease; Gaucher disease]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2005 Sep 24;149(39):2163-6. [PubMed:16223076 ]
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