Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2006-05-22 14:17:33 UTC |
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Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:16:05 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0002039 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | 2-Pyrrolidinone |
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Description | 2-Pyrrolidinone is a lactam cyclization product of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (PMID 10332870 ). Vigabatrin (VGB, an antiepileptic drug) increases human brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the related metabolites, including 2-pyrrolidinone. Patients taking VGB are expected to have an increase of these metabolites (PMID 10403220 , 10840398 ). 2-Pyrrolidone is an organic compound consisting of a five-membered lactam. It is a colorless liquid which is used in industrial settings as a high-boiling non-corrosive polar solvent for a wide variety of applications. It is miscible with a wide variety of other solvents including water, ethanol, diethyl ether, chloroform, benzene, ethyl acetate and carbon disulfide. |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C4H7NO/c6-4-2-1-3-5-4/h1-3H2,(H,5,6) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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1-Azacyclopentan-2-one | ChEBI | 2-Ketopyrrolidine | ChEBI | 2-Oxopyrrolidine | ChEBI | 2-Pyrrolidone | ChEBI | 4-Aminobutyric acid lactam | ChEBI | alpha-Pyrrolidinone | ChEBI | alpha-Pyrrolidone | ChEBI | Butyrolactam | ChEBI | gamma-Aminobutyric acid lactam | ChEBI | gamma-Aminobutyric lactam | ChEBI | gamma-Butyrolactam | ChEBI | Pyrrolidinone | ChEBI | Pyrrolidone | ChEBI | 4-Aminobutyrate lactam | Generator | a-Pyrrolidinone | Generator | Α-pyrrolidinone | Generator | a-Pyrrolidone | Generator | Α-pyrrolidone | Generator | g-Aminobutyrate lactam | Generator | g-Aminobutyric acid lactam | Generator | gamma-Aminobutyrate lactam | Generator | Γ-aminobutyrate lactam | Generator | Γ-aminobutyric acid lactam | Generator | g-Aminobutyric lactam | Generator | Γ-aminobutyric lactam | Generator | g-Butyrolactam | Generator | Γ-butyrolactam | Generator | 2-Pyrrolidone, hydrotribromide | HMDB | 2-Pyrrolidone, rubidium salt | HMDB | 2-Pyrrolidone, (18)O-labeled | HMDB | 2-Pyrrolidone, 5-(14)C-labeled | HMDB | 2-Pyrrolidone, potassium salt | HMDB | 2-Pyrrolidone, sodium salt | HMDB | 2-Pyrrolidone, aluminum salt | HMDB | 2-Pyrrolidone, cerium salt | HMDB | 2-Pyrrolidone, hydrobromide | HMDB | 2-Pyrrolidone, hydrochloride | HMDB | 2-Pyrrolidone, lithium salt | HMDB | 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone | HMDB | 2-Pyrol4-aminobutyric acid lactam | HMDB | 2-Pyrrolidone for synthesis | HMDB | 2-Pyrrolidone-butyrolactam | HMDB | Aminobutyric acid lactam | HMDB | Aminobutyric lactam | HMDB | Aminobutyrolactam | HMDB | N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone | HMDB | Pyrrolidin-2-one | HMDB | Pyrrolidon | HMDB | Pyrrolidone-2 | HMDB | Tetrahydropyrrolone | HMDB | 2-Pyrrolidinone | ChEBI |
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Chemical Formula | C4H7NO |
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Average Molecular Weight | 85.1045 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 85.052763851 |
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IUPAC Name | pyrrolidin-2-one |
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Traditional Name | pyrrolidone |
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CAS Registry Number | 616-45-5 |
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SMILES | O=C1CCCN1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C4H7NO/c6-4-2-1-3-5-4/h1-3H2,(H,5,6) |
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InChI Key | HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrrolidine-2-ones. These are pyrrolidines which bear a C=O group at position 2 of the pyrrolidine ring. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
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Class | Pyrrolidines |
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Sub Class | Pyrrolidones |
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Direct Parent | Pyrrolidine-2-ones |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - 2-pyrrolidone
- Secondary carboxylic acid amide
- Lactam
- Carboxamide group
- Azacycle
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Not Available | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 23 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 1000 mg/mL at 20 °C | Not Available | LogP | -0.85 | SASAKI,H ET AL. (1991) |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatizedDerivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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2-Pyrrolidinone,1TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)N1CCCC1=O | 1167.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | 2-Pyrrolidinone,1TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)N1CCCC1=O | 1120.2 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | 2-Pyrrolidinone,1TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)N1CCCC1=O | 1456.2 | Standard polar | 33892256 | 2-Pyrrolidinone,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1CCCC1=O | 1373.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | 2-Pyrrolidinone,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1CCCC1=O | 1384.1 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | 2-Pyrrolidinone,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1CCCC1=O | 1648.8 | Standard polar | 33892256 |
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Spectra |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-052o-9000000000-d44f6a4946e1e56b0ffd | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-001c-9000000000-7fd58ea01b9edb8fc097 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-052o-9000000000-d44f6a4946e1e56b0ffd | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-001c-9000000000-7fd58ea01b9edb8fc097 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-004u-9000000000-8bce2b1b7929b037ee02 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-000i-9000000000-ac4fb667bd839cbe2147 | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-000f-9000000000-7afd271c8dc78f370c0f | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-0006-9000000000-6edec43d002984d510ff | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-001c-9000000000-7fd58ea01b9edb8fc097 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-9000000000-5e09ef43c99819d9f8ad | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 30V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-3419ae017414eda1110b | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 30V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-1c1b65daa8499010e830 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 0V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-9000000000-8e3628eb4d63a2658f3f | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-9000000000-1c738f000f77bcae59a4 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 0V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-9000000000-12adad03a58d29a8697a | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-9000000000-ea2049081fa6f29e9374 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-052r-9000000000-cf8e02717d036ce75838 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-60b2774f4df85cf35f42 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001i-9000000000-a6c63aa4660c4b4a55a5 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001i-9000000000-e1cf6ff92627fd5af9d2 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-d318928d5db43685e331 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-9000000000-50cfba44c106ce6093a2 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000l-9000000000-5f81adff74df698e8624 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-b796916e4f24c4e72274 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001i-9000000000-919a1a67b255c27b096a | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001i-9000000000-34255acdab060a6f5c3b | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-ea12af8610d048612a8a | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, CDCl3, experimental) | 2012-12-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Experimental 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | 2012-12-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | - Cytoplasm (predicted from logP)
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Biospecimen Locations | |
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Tissue Locations | - Brain
- Epidermis
- Skeletal Muscle
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.0975 +/- 0.0300 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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Blood | Detected and Quantified | 4.23 (0.0-26.0) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Bladder infections | | details |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | Bladder infections |
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- Tricker AR, Pfundstein B, Kalble T, Preussmann R: Secondary amine precursors to nitrosamines in human saliva, gastric juice, blood, urine and faeces. Carcinogenesis. 1992 Apr;13(4):563-8. [PubMed:1576707 ]
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Associated OMIM IDs | None |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | FDB000741 |
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KNApSAcK ID | C00038233 |
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Chemspider ID | 11530 |
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KEGG Compound ID | C11118 |
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BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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BiGG ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | 2-Pyrrolidone |
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METLIN ID | 6452 |
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PubChem Compound | 12025 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 36592 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | Not Available |
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MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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General References | - Petroff OA, Hyder F, Mattson RH, Rothman DL: Topiramate increases brain GABA, homocarnosine, and pyrrolidinone in patients with epilepsy. Neurology. 1999 Feb;52(3):473-8. [PubMed:10025774 ]
- Sun X, Qiao H, Jiang H, Zhi X, Liu F, Wang J, Liu M, Dong D, Kanwar JR, Xu R, Krissansen GW: Intramuscular delivery of antiangiogenic genes suppresses secondary metastases after removal of primary tumors. Cancer Gene Ther. 2005 Jan;12(1):35-45. [PubMed:15486558 ]
- Hyder F, Petroff OA, Mattson RH, Rothman DL: Localized 1H NMR measurements of 2-pyrrolidinone in human brain in vivo. Magn Reson Med. 1999 May;41(5):889-96. [PubMed:10332870 ]
- Rambabu K, Pattabiraman TN: Studies on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase of human urine. Clin Chim Acta. 1976 Dec 1;73(2):251-5. [PubMed:11907 ]
- Matsudo T, Ogawa K, Kokufuta E: Complex formation of protein with different water-soluble synthetic polymers. Biomacromolecules. 2003 Nov-Dec;4(6):1794-9. [PubMed:14606910 ]
- Fedi AM, Leoncini P, Farella V, Lotti T: [Study of filaggrin in psoriasis]. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 1989 Apr;124(4):141-5. [PubMed:2680915 ]
- Gobbels M, Spitznas M: Effects of artificial tears on corneal epithelial permeability in dry eyes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1991;229(4):345-9. [PubMed:1916322 ]
- Gobbels M, Spitznas M: Corneal epithelial permeability of dry eyes before and after treatment with artificial tears. Ophthalmology. 1992 Jun;99(6):873-8. [PubMed:1630776 ]
- Onorato JM, Henion JD, Lefebvre PM, Kiplinger JP: Selected reaction monitoring LC-MS determination of idoxifene and its pyrrolidinone metabolite in human plasma using robotic high-throughput, sequential sample injection. Anal Chem. 2001 Jan 1;73(1):119-25. [PubMed:11195494 ]
- Zimmermann W, Donhardt A, Braun W: [2-Br-2-ethyl-4-hydroxybutyramide and 2-Br-2-ethyl-4-butyrolactam as carbromal metabolites (author's transl)]. Arch Toxicol. 1978 Apr 27;40(2):119-24. [PubMed:26319 ]
- Voigt R, Korner I, Roth P: [Interactions between macromolecular adjuvants and drugs. Part 16: Effects of human serum albumin and Mg2+ on oxytetracycline-polyvinylpyrrolidone interactions (author's transl)]. Pharmazie. 1979 Jan;34(1):45-8. [PubMed:432255 ]
- Petroff OA, Hyder F, Collins T, Mattson RH, Rothman DL: Acute effects of vigabatrin on brain GABA and homocarnosine in patients with complex partial seizures. Epilepsia. 1999 Jul;40(7):958-64. [PubMed:10403220 ]
- Petroff OA, Hyder F, Rothman DL, Mattson RH: Effects of gabapentin on brain GABA, homocarnosine, and pyrrolidinone in epilepsy patients. Epilepsia. 2000 Jun;41(6):675-80. [PubMed:10840398 ]
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