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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-05-22 14:17:33 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:16:05 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0002039
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB02039
Metabolite Identification
Common Name2-Pyrrolidinone
Description2-Pyrrolidinone is a lactam cyclization product of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (PMID 10332870 ). Vigabatrin (VGB, an antiepileptic drug) increases human brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the related metabolites, including 2-pyrrolidinone. Patients taking VGB are expected to have an increase of these metabolites (PMID 10403220 , 10840398 ). 2-Pyrrolidone is an organic compound consisting of a five-membered lactam. It is a colorless liquid which is used in industrial settings as a high-boiling non-corrosive polar solvent for a wide variety of applications. It is miscible with a wide variety of other solvents including water, ethanol, diethyl ether, chloroform, benzene, ethyl acetate and carbon disulfide.
Structure
Data?1676999765
Synonyms
ValueSource
1-Azacyclopentan-2-oneChEBI
2-KetopyrrolidineChEBI
2-OxopyrrolidineChEBI
2-PyrrolidoneChEBI
4-Aminobutyric acid lactamChEBI
alpha-PyrrolidinoneChEBI
alpha-PyrrolidoneChEBI
ButyrolactamChEBI
gamma-Aminobutyric acid lactamChEBI
gamma-Aminobutyric lactamChEBI
gamma-ButyrolactamChEBI
PyrrolidinoneChEBI
PyrrolidoneChEBI
4-Aminobutyrate lactamGenerator
a-PyrrolidinoneGenerator
Α-pyrrolidinoneGenerator
a-PyrrolidoneGenerator
Α-pyrrolidoneGenerator
g-Aminobutyrate lactamGenerator
g-Aminobutyric acid lactamGenerator
gamma-Aminobutyrate lactamGenerator
Γ-aminobutyrate lactamGenerator
Γ-aminobutyric acid lactamGenerator
g-Aminobutyric lactamGenerator
Γ-aminobutyric lactamGenerator
g-ButyrolactamGenerator
Γ-butyrolactamGenerator
2-Pyrrolidone, hydrotribromideHMDB
2-Pyrrolidone, rubidium saltHMDB
2-Pyrrolidone, (18)O-labeledHMDB
2-Pyrrolidone, 5-(14)C-labeledHMDB
2-Pyrrolidone, potassium saltHMDB
2-Pyrrolidone, sodium saltHMDB
2-Pyrrolidone, aluminum saltHMDB
2-Pyrrolidone, cerium saltHMDB
2-Pyrrolidone, hydrobromideHMDB
2-Pyrrolidone, hydrochlorideHMDB
2-Pyrrolidone, lithium saltHMDB
1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinoneHMDB
2-Pyrol4-aminobutyric acid lactamHMDB
2-Pyrrolidone for synthesisHMDB
2-Pyrrolidone-butyrolactamHMDB
Aminobutyric acid lactamHMDB
Aminobutyric lactamHMDB
AminobutyrolactamHMDB
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinoneHMDB
Pyrrolidin-2-oneHMDB
PyrrolidonHMDB
Pyrrolidone-2HMDB
TetrahydropyrroloneHMDB
2-PyrrolidinoneChEBI
Chemical FormulaC4H7NO
Average Molecular Weight85.1045
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight85.052763851
IUPAC Namepyrrolidin-2-one
Traditional Namepyrrolidone
CAS Registry Number616-45-5
SMILES
O=C1CCCN1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C4H7NO/c6-4-2-1-3-5-4/h1-3H2,(H,5,6)
InChI KeyHNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrrolidine-2-ones. These are pyrrolidines which bear a C=O group at position 2 of the pyrrolidine ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassPyrrolidines
Sub ClassPyrrolidones
Direct ParentPyrrolidine-2-ones
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • 2-pyrrolidone
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Lactam
  • Carboxamide group
  • Azacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Not AvailableNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point23 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility1000 mg/mL at 20 °CNot Available
LogP-0.85SASAKI,H ET AL. (1991)
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility537 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.9ALOGPS
logP-0.58ChemAxon
logS0.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)14.75ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.8ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area29.1 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity22.26 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability8.7 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+115.4131661259
DarkChem[M-H]-107.83531661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+121.2630932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-118.92930932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-154.85930932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+129.35830932474
AllCCS[M+H]+117.532859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+112.332859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+122.332859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+123.732859911
AllCCS[M-H]-118.132859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-121.932859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-126.032859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
2-PyrrolidinoneO=C1CCCN11856.1Standard polar33892256
2-PyrrolidinoneO=C1CCCN1996.5Standard non polar33892256
2-PyrrolidinoneO=C1CCCN11072.5Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
2-Pyrrolidinone,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1CCCC1=O1167.9Semi standard non polar33892256
2-Pyrrolidinone,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1CCCC1=O1120.2Standard non polar33892256
2-Pyrrolidinone,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1CCCC1=O1456.2Standard polar33892256
2-Pyrrolidinone,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1CCCC1=O1373.6Semi standard non polar33892256
2-Pyrrolidinone,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1CCCC1=O1384.1Standard non polar33892256
2-Pyrrolidinone,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1CCCC1=O1648.8Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-052o-9000000000-d44f6a4946e1e56b0ffd2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-001c-9000000000-7fd58ea01b9edb8fc0972017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-052o-9000000000-d44f6a4946e1e56b0ffd2018-05-18HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-001c-9000000000-7fd58ea01b9edb8fc0972018-05-18HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-004u-9000000000-8bce2b1b7929b037ee022017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-000i-9000000000-ac4fb667bd839cbe21472012-07-25HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-000f-9000000000-7afd271c8dc78f370c0f2012-07-25HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-0006-9000000000-6edec43d002984d510ff2012-07-25HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-001c-9000000000-7fd58ea01b9edb8fc0972012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-9000000000-5e09ef43c99819d9f8ad2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-3419ae017414eda1110b2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-1c1b65daa8499010e8302021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 0V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-9000000000-8e3628eb4d63a2658f3f2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-9000000000-1c738f000f77bcae59a42021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 0V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-9000000000-12adad03a58d29a8697a2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-9000000000-ea2049081fa6f29e93742017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-052r-9000000000-cf8e02717d036ce758382017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-60b2774f4df85cf35f422017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-a6c63aa4660c4b4a55a52017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-e1cf6ff92627fd5af9d22017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-d318928d5db43685e3312017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-9000000000-50cfba44c106ce6093a22021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000l-9000000000-5f81adff74df698e86242021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-b796916e4f24c4e722742021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-919a1a67b255c27b096a2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-34255acdab060a6f5c3b2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Pyrrolidinone 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-ea12af8610d048612a8a2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)2012-12-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-05Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
Tissue Locations
  • Brain
  • Epidermis
  • Skeletal Muscle
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0975 +/- 0.0300 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified4.23 (0.0-26.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Bladder infections
details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Bladder infections
  1. Tricker AR, Pfundstein B, Kalble T, Preussmann R: Secondary amine precursors to nitrosamines in human saliva, gastric juice, blood, urine and faeces. Carcinogenesis. 1992 Apr;13(4):563-8. [PubMed:1576707 ]
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB000741
KNApSAcK IDC00038233
Chemspider ID11530
KEGG Compound IDC11118
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia Link2-Pyrrolidone
METLIN ID6452
PubChem Compound12025
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID36592
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Petroff OA, Hyder F, Mattson RH, Rothman DL: Topiramate increases brain GABA, homocarnosine, and pyrrolidinone in patients with epilepsy. Neurology. 1999 Feb;52(3):473-8. [PubMed:10025774 ]
  2. Sun X, Qiao H, Jiang H, Zhi X, Liu F, Wang J, Liu M, Dong D, Kanwar JR, Xu R, Krissansen GW: Intramuscular delivery of antiangiogenic genes suppresses secondary metastases after removal of primary tumors. Cancer Gene Ther. 2005 Jan;12(1):35-45. [PubMed:15486558 ]
  3. Hyder F, Petroff OA, Mattson RH, Rothman DL: Localized 1H NMR measurements of 2-pyrrolidinone in human brain in vivo. Magn Reson Med. 1999 May;41(5):889-96. [PubMed:10332870 ]
  4. Rambabu K, Pattabiraman TN: Studies on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase of human urine. Clin Chim Acta. 1976 Dec 1;73(2):251-5. [PubMed:11907 ]
  5. Matsudo T, Ogawa K, Kokufuta E: Complex formation of protein with different water-soluble synthetic polymers. Biomacromolecules. 2003 Nov-Dec;4(6):1794-9. [PubMed:14606910 ]
  6. Fedi AM, Leoncini P, Farella V, Lotti T: [Study of filaggrin in psoriasis]. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 1989 Apr;124(4):141-5. [PubMed:2680915 ]
  7. Gobbels M, Spitznas M: Effects of artificial tears on corneal epithelial permeability in dry eyes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1991;229(4):345-9. [PubMed:1916322 ]
  8. Gobbels M, Spitznas M: Corneal epithelial permeability of dry eyes before and after treatment with artificial tears. Ophthalmology. 1992 Jun;99(6):873-8. [PubMed:1630776 ]
  9. Onorato JM, Henion JD, Lefebvre PM, Kiplinger JP: Selected reaction monitoring LC-MS determination of idoxifene and its pyrrolidinone metabolite in human plasma using robotic high-throughput, sequential sample injection. Anal Chem. 2001 Jan 1;73(1):119-25. [PubMed:11195494 ]
  10. Zimmermann W, Donhardt A, Braun W: [2-Br-2-ethyl-4-hydroxybutyramide and 2-Br-2-ethyl-4-butyrolactam as carbromal metabolites (author's transl)]. Arch Toxicol. 1978 Apr 27;40(2):119-24. [PubMed:26319 ]
  11. Voigt R, Korner I, Roth P: [Interactions between macromolecular adjuvants and drugs. Part 16: Effects of human serum albumin and Mg2+ on oxytetracycline-polyvinylpyrrolidone interactions (author's transl)]. Pharmazie. 1979 Jan;34(1):45-8. [PubMed:432255 ]
  12. Petroff OA, Hyder F, Collins T, Mattson RH, Rothman DL: Acute effects of vigabatrin on brain GABA and homocarnosine in patients with complex partial seizures. Epilepsia. 1999 Jul;40(7):958-64. [PubMed:10403220 ]
  13. Petroff OA, Hyder F, Rothman DL, Mattson RH: Effects of gabapentin on brain GABA, homocarnosine, and pyrrolidinone in epilepsy patients. Epilepsia. 2000 Jun;41(6):675-80. [PubMed:10840398 ]