Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2006-05-18 08:27:43 UTC |
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Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:49:11 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0001920 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | - HMDB0014655
- HMDB01920
- HMDB14655
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Dextromethorphan |
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Description | Dextromethorphan is an antitussive drug that is found in many over-the-counter cold and cough preparations, usually in the form of dextromethorphan hydrobromide. Dextromethorphan is a salt of the methyl ether dextrorotatory isomer of levorphanol, a narcotic analgesic. Dextromethorphan occurs as white crystals, is sparingly soluble in water, and freely soluble in alcohol. The drug is dextrorotatory in water (at 20 degrees Celsius, Sodium D-line) with a specific rotation of +27.6 degrees. Following oral administration, dextromethorphan is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, where it enters the bloodstream and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Dextromethorphan shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. The first-pass through the hepatic portal vein results in some of the drug being metabolized into an active metabolite of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, the 3-hydroxy derivative of dextromethorphan. The therapeutic activity of dextromethorphan is believed to be caused by both the drug and this metabolite. Dextromethorphan is predominantly metabolized by the liver, by various hepatic enzymes. Through various pathways, the drug undergoes (O-demethylation (which produces dextrorphan), N-demethylation, and partial conjugation with glucuronic acid and sulfate ions. The inactive metabolite (+)-3-hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan is formed as a product of DXM metabolism by these pathways. One well known metabolic catalyst involved is a specific cytochrome P450 enzyme known as 2D6, or CYP2D6. A significant portion of the population has a functional deficiency in this enzyme (and are known as poor CYP2D6 metabolizers). As CYP2D6 is the primary metabolic pathway in the inactivation of dextromethorphan, the duration of action and effects of dextromethorphan are significantly increased in such poor metabolizers. Deaths and hospitalizations have been reported in recreational use by poor CYP2D6 metabolizers. -- Wikipedia . This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity. [PubChem] |
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Structure | [H][C@@]12CCCC[C@@]11CCN(C)[C@@H]2CC2=C1C=C(OC)C=C2 InChI=1S/C18H25NO/c1-19-10-9-18-8-4-3-5-15(18)17(19)11-13-6-7-14(20-2)12-16(13)18/h6-7,12,15,17H,3-5,8-11H2,1-2H3/t15-,17+,18+/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(-)-3-Methoxy-17-methylmorphinan | ChEBI | (-)-3-Methoxy-N-methylmorphinan | ChEBI | L-3-Methoxy-17-methylmorphinan | ChEBI | L-Methorphan | ChEBI | Levomethorphane | ChEBI | Levomethorphanum | ChEBI | Levometorfano | ChEBI | D-Methorphan | HMDB | delta-Methorphan | HMDB | DXM | HMDB | Δ-methorphan | HMDB | Robitussin pediatric cough | HMDB | Triaminic | HMDB | Bayer select flu relief | HMDB | Bayer select head & chest cold | HMDB | Bayer select night time cold | HMDB | Benylin DM | HMDB | Cerose-DM | HMDB | Chloraseptic DM | HMDB | Contac day & night cold/flu day caplets | HMDB | Contac jr. non-drowsy formula | HMDB | Contac nighttime cold medicine | HMDB | Contac severe cold formula maximum strength | HMDB | Contac severe cold formula non-drowsy | HMDB | Coricidin syrup | HMDB | Cough-X | HMDB | D-Methorphan hydrobromide | HMDB | Demorphan | HMDB | Demorphan hydrobromide | HMDB | Demorphine | HMDB | Destrometerfano | HMDB | Dextromethorphan bromhydrate | HMDB | Dextromethorphan bromide | HMDB | Dextromethorphan hydrobromide monohydrate | HMDB | Dextromethorphan hydrobromide oros tablets | HMDB | Dextromethorphan hydrobromide | HMDB | Dextrometorphan | HMDB | Dextromorphan | HMDB | Dexyromethorphan | HMDB | Dimacol | HMDB | Dimetapp DM | HMDB | Drixoral cough | HMDB | Drixoral cough & congestion | HMDB | Drixoral cough & sore throat | HMDB | Endotussin-NN | HMDB | Endotussin-NN pediatric | HMDB | Hold | HMDB | Levomethorphan | HMDB | Methorate | HMDB | Naldecon-DX | HMDB | Ornex severe cold formula | HMDB | Orthoxicol | HMDB | PediaCare 1 | HMDB | PediaCare cough-cold formula | HMDB | Prestwick_686 | HMDB | Robitussin CF | HMDB | Robitussin cold & cough | HMDB | Robitussin cough calmers | HMDB | Robitussin DM | HMDB | Robitussin maximum strength cough | HMDB | Robitussin pediatric cough & cold | HMDB | Robitussin pediatric night relief | HMDB | Romilar | HMDB | Rondec DM | HMDB | Ru-tuss expectorant | HMDB | St. joseph cough syrup | HMDB | Sudafed cough syrup | HMDB | Trind-DM | HMDB | Tussar DM | HMDB | Tussi-organidin | HMDB | Tussi-organidin DM NR | HMDB | Tussi-organidin DM-S NR | HMDB | Tylenol cold and flu multi-symptom | HMDB | Tylenol cold and flu no drowsiness | HMDB | Tylenol cold no drowsiness | HMDB | Tylenol cough + decongestant liquid | HMDB | Tylenol cough liquid | HMDB | Tylenol flu no drowsiness gelcaps | HMDB | Viro-med | HMDB | Dextromethorphan, (+-)-isomer | HMDB | Dextromethorphan hydrobromide, monohydrate | HMDB | Hydrochloride, dextromethorphan | HMDB | Racemethorphan | HMDB | Delsym | HMDB | Dextromethorphan hydrobromide, (+-)-isomer | HMDB | Dextromethorphan hydrochloride | HMDB | Hydrobromide, dextromethorphan | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C18H25NO |
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Average Molecular Weight | 271.3972 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 271.193614427 |
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IUPAC Name | (1R,9R,10R)-4-methoxy-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.0^{1,10}.0^{2,7}]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-triene |
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Traditional Name | (1R,9R,10R)-4-methoxy-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.0^{1,10}.0^{2,7}]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-triene |
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CAS Registry Number | 125-71-3 |
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SMILES | [H][C@@]12CCCC[C@@]11CCN(C)[C@@H]2CC2=C1C=C(OC)C=C2 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C18H25NO/c1-19-10-9-18-8-4-3-5-15(18)17(19)11-13-6-7-14(20-2)12-16(13)18/h6-7,12,15,17H,3-5,8-11H2,1-2H3/t15-,17+,18+/m0/s1 |
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InChI Key | MKXZASYAUGDDCJ-CGTJXYLNSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as morphinans. These are polycyclic compounds with a four-ring skeleton with three condensed six-member rings forming a partially hydrogenated phenanthrene moiety, one of which is aromatic while the two others are alicyclic. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Alkaloids and derivatives |
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Class | Morphinans |
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Sub Class | Not Available |
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Direct Parent | Morphinans |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Morphinan
- Phenanthrene
- Benzazocine
- Tetralin
- Anisole
- Alkyl aryl ether
- Aralkylamine
- Piperidine
- Benzenoid
- Tertiary aliphatic amine
- Tertiary amine
- Azacycle
- Ether
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Amine
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | |
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Disposition | |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 8.51 mg/L | Not Available | LogP | 3.6 | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross SectionsAdduct Type | Data Source | CCS Value (Å2) | Reference |
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[M+H]+ | CBM | 166.3 | 30932474 |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatized |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0ab9-9640000000-22a67aaa9771bdc70ea1 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0ab9-9640000000-22a67aaa9771bdc70ea1 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-054o-0190000000-5d924eb9e80a3ad52d7b | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan Quattro_QQQ 10V, N/A-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-0006-2931000000-7ed39f5c12687bd18073 | 2018-05-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan Quattro_QQQ 25V, N/A-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-001i-9450000000-484ef060149382ae3835 | 2018-05-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan Quattro_QQQ 40V, N/A-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-004i-0296000000-9cc5da1af6297bf41d6a | 2018-05-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-0090000000-25cdbb74a0783952c40e | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-0090000000-8062e3b60f2d8d6c78b9 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0btc-3290000000-e2bedc154835e1c44dbc | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-0090000000-cdc95ffda5c8ab176bc0 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-0090000000-82ba173765c1d557ad82 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0udl-0190000000-f4f99127c0b1de038b01 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-0090000000-01488ff14969daea9a7c | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-0090000000-a31adf377a9c1f79d0fa | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0h2b-2790000000-0c7169ca6b6ad7325e80 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-0090000000-429ffca83bb47ee26787 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-0090000000-429ffca83bb47ee26787 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dextromethorphan 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0jba-0190000000-8b48abf42b5c1c70d082 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | 2018-05-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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General References | - Olney JW, Labruyere J, Price MT: Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by phencyclidine and related drugs. Science. 1989 Jun 16;244(4910):1360-2. [PubMed:2660263 ]
- Hargreaves RJ, Hill RG, Iversen LL: Neuroprotective NMDA antagonists: the controversy over their potential for adverse effects on cortical neuronal morphology. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien). 1994;60:15-9. [PubMed:7976530 ]
- Hernandez SC, Bertolino M, Xiao Y, Pringle KE, Caruso FS, Kellar KJ: Dextromethorphan and its metabolite dextrorphan block alpha3beta4 neuronal nicotinic receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Jun;293(3):962-7. [PubMed:10869398 ]
- Brooks BR, Thisted RA, Appel SH, Bradley WG, Olney RK, Berg JE, Pope LE, Smith RA: Treatment of pseudobulbar affect in ALS with dextromethorphan/quinidine: a randomized trial. Neurology. 2004 Oct 26;63(8):1364-70. [PubMed:15505150 ]
- Carliss RD, Radovsky A, Chengelis CP, O'Neill TP, Shuey DL: Oral administration of dextromethorphan does not produce neuronal vacuolation in the rat brain. Neurotoxicology. 2007 Jul;28(4):813-8. Epub 2007 Apr 6. [PubMed:17573115 ]
- Tang YW, Rys PN, Rutledge BJ, Mitchell PS, Smith TF, Persing DH: Comparative evaluation of colorimetric microtiter plate systems for detection of herpes simplex virus in cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Sep;36(9):2714-7. [PubMed:9705419 ]
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