Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2006-05-18 08:19:31 UTC |
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Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:49:11 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0001917 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | - HMDB0014534
- HMDB01917
- HMDB14534
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Digoxin |
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Description | Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, digitalis. It is widely used in the treatment of various heart conditions, namely atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and congestive heart failure that cannot be controlled by other medication. Digoxin preparations are commonly marketed under the trade name Lanoxin. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666) -- Pubchem; Digoxin is a cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; It consists of three sugars and the aglycone digoxigenin. Digoxin binds to a site on the extracellular aspect of the of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump in the membranes of heart cells (myocytes). This causes an increase in the level of sodium ions in the myocytes, which then leads to a rise in the level of calcium ions. The proposed mechanism is the following: inhibition of the Na+/K+ pump leads to increased Na+ levels, which in turn slows down the extrusion of Ca2+ via the Na+/Ca2+ exchange pump. Increased amounts of Ca2+ are then stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and released by each action potential, which is unchanged by digoxin. This is a different mechanism from that of catecholamines. -- Wikipedia ; Owing to its narrow therapeutic index (the margin between effectiveness and toxicity), side effects of digoxin are inevitable. Nausea, vomiting and GIT upset are common, especially in higher doses. Decreased conduction in the AV node can lead to AV blocks, increased intracellular Ca2+ causes a type of arrhythmia called bigeminy (coupled beats), eventually ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. An often described but rarely seen side effect of digoxin is a disturbance of color vision (mostly yellow and green color) called xanthopsia. |
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Structure | [H][C@]12CC[C@]3([H])[C@]([H])(C[C@@H](O)[C@]4(C)[C@H](CC[C@]34O)C3=CC(=O)OC3)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@H](C2)O[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]3C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O3)[C@@H](C)O2)[C@@H](C)O1 InChI=1S/C41H64O14/c1-19-36(47)28(42)15-34(50-19)54-38-21(3)52-35(17-30(38)44)55-37-20(2)51-33(16-29(37)43)53-24-8-10-39(4)23(13-24)6-7-26-27(39)14-31(45)40(5)25(9-11-41(26,40)48)22-12-32(46)49-18-22/h12,19-21,23-31,33-38,42-45,47-48H,6-11,13-18H2,1-5H3/t19-,20-,21-,23-,24+,25-,26-,27+,28+,29+,30+,31-,33+,34+,35+,36-,37-,38-,39+,40+,41+/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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12beta-Hydroxydigitoxin | ChEBI | Lanoxicaps | Kegg | Lanoxin | Kegg | 12b-Hydroxydigitoxin | Generator | 12Β-hydroxydigitoxin | Generator | Cardoxin | HMDB | Cogoxin | HMDB | Davoxin | HMDB | Digacin | HMDB | Digitalis glycoside | HMDB | Digoxin pediatric | HMDB | Dilanacin | HMDB | Dynamos | HMDB | Eudigox | HMDB | Homolle'S digitalin | HMDB | Lanacrist | HMDB | Lanicor | HMDB | Neo-lanicor | HMDB | Rougoxin | HMDB | SK-Digoxin | HMDB | Vanoxin | HMDB | AWD.pharma brand OF digoxin | HMDB | Boehringer, digoxina | HMDB | Hemigoxine nativelle | HMDB | Nativelle, hemigoxine | HMDB | Novartis brand OF digoxin | HMDB | Roche brand OF digoxin | HMDB | Teofarma brand OF digoxin | HMDB | Lanoxin PG | HMDB | Lanoxin-PG | HMDB | R.A.N. brand OF digoxin | HMDB | Digoregen | HMDB | Digoxina boehringer | HMDB | Kern brand OF digoxin | HMDB | Lanacordin | HMDB | Lilly brand OF digoxin | HMDB | Mapluxin | HMDB | Proctor and gamble brand OF digoxin | HMDB | UDL brand OF digoxin | HMDB | Virco brand OF digoxin | HMDB | Bertek brand OF digoxin | HMDB | Digitek | HMDB | Digoxine nativelle | HMDB | Glaxo wellcome brand OF digoxin | HMDB | GlaxoSmithKline brand 1 OF digoxin | HMDB | GlaxoSmithKline brand 2 OF digoxin | HMDB | Lenoxin | HMDB | Nativelle, digoxine | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C41H64O14 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 780.9385 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 780.429606756 |
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IUPAC Name | 4-[(1S,2S,5S,7R,10R,11S,14R,15S,16R)-5-{[(2R,4S,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,4S,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-11,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl]-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one |
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Traditional Name | digoxin |
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CAS Registry Number | 20830-75-5 |
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SMILES | [H][C@]12CC[C@]3([H])[C@]([H])(C[C@@H](O)[C@]4(C)[C@H](CC[C@]34O)C3=CC(=O)OC3)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@H](C2)O[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]3C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O3)[C@@H](C)O2)[C@@H](C)O1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C41H64O14/c1-19-36(47)28(42)15-34(50-19)54-38-21(3)52-35(17-30(38)44)55-37-20(2)51-33(16-29(37)43)53-24-8-10-39(4)23(13-24)6-7-26-27(39)14-31(45)40(5)25(9-11-41(26,40)48)22-12-32(46)49-18-22/h12,19-21,23-31,33-38,42-45,47-48H,6-11,13-18H2,1-5H3/t19-,20-,21-,23-,24+,25-,26-,27+,28+,29+,30+,31-,33+,34+,35+,36-,37-,38-,39+,40+,41+/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | LTMHDMANZUZIPE-PUGKRICDSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cardenolide glycosides and derivatives. Cardenolide glycosides and derivatives are compounds containing a carbohydrate glycosidically bound to the cardenolide moiety. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Steroids and steroid derivatives |
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Sub Class | Steroid lactones |
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Direct Parent | Cardenolide glycosides and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Cardanolide-glycoside
- Steroidal glycoside
- Oligosaccharide
- 12-hydroxysteroid
- 14-hydroxysteroid
- Hydroxysteroid
- Glycosyl compound
- O-glycosyl compound
- 2-furanone
- Oxane
- Cyclic alcohol
- Dihydrofuran
- Alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester
- Enoate ester
- Tertiary alcohol
- Lactone
- Carboxylic acid ester
- Secondary alcohol
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Oxacycle
- Acetal
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Alcohol
- Organic oxide
- Organic oxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Organooxygen compound
- Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | Not Available |
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Disposition | |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 249 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | 931.60 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est) | The Good Scents Company Information System | Water Solubility | 0.065 mg/mL at 25 °C | Not Available | LogP | 1.26 | SANGSTER (1993) |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatized |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Digoxin GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Digoxin GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Digoxin GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Digoxin GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Digoxin GC-MS (TMS_1_5) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Digoxin GC-MS (TMS_1_6) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Digoxin GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Digoxin GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Digoxin GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Digoxin GC-MS (TBDMS_1_4) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Digoxin GC-MS (TBDMS_1_5) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Digoxin GC-MS (TBDMS_1_6) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-18 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Digoxin 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0h9s-0004022900-fb7295b1343cfcb0f262 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Digoxin 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00ec-0209043100-9967a858c77340d2fab3 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Digoxin 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-007o-1419132100-e5de5e30c4299c931671 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Digoxin 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-01tj-0114011900-e0edd63658065bb869f3 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Digoxin 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-01bj-2519564400-bd5189ac4cf921dbac79 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Digoxin 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-6105930000-b03a6876fb182cec49e1 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Digoxin 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-01q9-0113000900-5c07bff161d1ddd9c50e | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Digoxin 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-01q9-2911000400-fe987c159da70447f56d | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Digoxin 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-005a-6942010000-377898578023a42020d5 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Digoxin 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00os-0501095500-c884ce473f948cad43ce | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Digoxin 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-004i-4900011400-932fc5fee2cbc1e58a5a | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Digoxin 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-004l-5900001400-b3251bf0b534b08a8db8 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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General References | - Mikkaichi T, Suzuki T, Onogawa T, Tanemoto M, Mizutamari H, Okada M, Chaki T, Masuda S, Tokui T, Eto N, Abe M, Satoh F, Unno M, Hishinuma T, Inui K, Ito S, Goto J, Abe T: Isolation and characterization of a digoxin transporter and its rat homologue expressed in the kidney. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 9;101(10):3569-74. Epub 2004 Mar 1. [PubMed:14993604 ]
- Bachmakov I, Rekersbrink S, Hofmann U, Eichelbaum M, Fromm MF: Characterisation of (R/S)-propafenone and its metabolites as substrates and inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2005 Mar;371(3):195-201. Epub 2005 Apr 15. [PubMed:15900513 ]
- Kurup RK, Kurup PA: Hypothalamic digoxin and isoprenoid pathway dysfunction relation to alcoholic addiction, alcoholic cirrhosis, and acquired hepatocerebral degeneration--relation to hemispheric chemical dominance. Int J Neurosci. 2003 Apr;113(4):547-63. [PubMed:12856482 ]
- Weber P, Lettieri JT, Kaiser L, Mazzu AL: Lack of mutual pharmacokinetic interaction between cerivastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, and digoxin in healthy normocholesterolemic volunteers. Clin Ther. 1999 Sep;21(9):1563-75. [PubMed:10509851 ]
- Pahkla R, Irs A, Oselin K, Rootslane L: Digoxin: use pattern in Estonia and bioavailability of the local market leader. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1999 Oct;24(5):375-80. [PubMed:10583701 ]
- Jablecka A, Chmara E, Korzeniowska K: The level of plasma neuroendocrine activity and the concentration of digoxin in the serum of patients with mild chronic heart failure. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1998;18(4):171-8. [PubMed:10052027 ]
- Kurup RK, Kurup PA: Hypothalamic digoxin and hemispheric chemical dominance: relation to alcoholic addiction, alcoholic cirrhosis, and acquired hepatocerebral degeneration. Int J Neurosci. 2003 Aug;113(8):1105-25. [PubMed:12888425 ]
- Chirinos JA, Castrellon A, Zambrano JP, Jimenez JJ, Jy W, Horstman LL, Willens HJ, Castellanos A, Myerburg RJ, Ahn YS: Digoxin use is associated with increased platelet and endothelial cell activation in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm. 2005 May;2(5):525-9. [PubMed:15840479 ]
- Dasgupta A, Trejo O: Suppression of total digoxin concentrations by digoxin-like immunoreactive substances in the MEIA digoxin assay. Elimination of negative interference by monitoring free digoxin concentrations. Am J Clin Pathol. 1999 Mar;111(3):406-10. [PubMed:10078117 ]
- Ravikumar A, Kurup PA: The isoprenoid pathway in lone atrial fibrillation with embolic stroke. Indian Heart J. 2001 Mar-Apr;53(2):184-8. [PubMed:11428474 ]
- Cuena Boy R, Martin Montero Mdel P: [Digoxin dosing in the aged: new pharmacokinetic system versus Jellife and Koup methods]. Invest Clin. 2003 Mar;44(1):31-9. [PubMed:12703181 ]
- Bentur Y, Tsipiniuk A, Taitelman U: Postmortem digoxin-like immunoreactive substances (DLIS) in patients not treated with digoxin. Hum Exp Toxicol. 1999 Feb;18(2):67-70. [PubMed:10100017 ]
- Johnson RD, Dorr MB, Hunt TL, Conway S, Talbot GH: Pharmacokinetic interaction of sparfloxacin and digoxin. Clin Ther. 1999 Feb;21(2):368-79. [PubMed:10211539 ]
- Mrozikiewicz A: Endogenous drug-like factors. Pol J Pharmacol. 1998 Nov-Dec;50(6):393-7. [PubMed:10385921 ]
- Peters J, Welker HA, Bullingham R: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of concomitant mibefradil-digoxin therapy at therapeutic doses. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 1999 Apr-Jun;24(2):133-40. [PubMed:10510740 ]
- Cuena Boy R, Ortiz de Apodaca Ruiz MA, Macia Martinez MA: [Best result of digoxin dosing in the aged by taking into account that both the elimination as well as the volume of distribution of the drug decrease when the kidney function deteriorates]. An Med Interna. 2002 Jul;19(7):331-5. [PubMed:12224140 ]
- Kurup RK, Kurup PA: Hypothalamic digoxin, hemispheric chemical dominance, and inflammatory bowel disease. Int J Neurosci. 2003 Sep;113(9):1221-40. [PubMed:12959741 ]
- Doering W, Konig E, Sturm W: [Digitalis intoxication: specifity and significance of cardiac and extracardiac symptoms. part I: Patients with digitalis-induced arrhythmias (author's transl)]. Z Kardiol. 1977 Mar;66(3):121-8. [PubMed:857452 ]
- Kaplanski J, Weinhouse E, Topaz M, Genchik G: Verapamil and digoxin: interactions in the rat. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1983 Dec;42(3):377-88. [PubMed:6665298 ]
- Thompson DF, Carter JR: Drug-induced gynecomastia. Pharmacotherapy. 1993 Jan-Feb;13(1):37-45. [PubMed:8094898 ]
- Flanagan RJ, Jones AL: Fab antibody fragments: some applications in clinical toxicology. Drug Saf. 2004;27(14):1115-33. [PubMed:15554746 ]
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