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Showing metabocard for Glutamic acid (HMDB0000148)

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enzymes (92)transporters (2) Show 94 proteins
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-07-07 20:53:56 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000148
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00148
Metabolite Identification
Common NameGlutamic acid
DescriptionGlutamic acid (Glu), also known as L-glutamic acid or as glutamate, the name of its anion, is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-glutamic acid is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Glutamic acid is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an acidic, charged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. In humans it is a non-essential amino acid and can be synthesized via alanine or aspartic acid via alpha-ketoglutarate and the action of various transaminases. Glutamate also plays an important role in the body's disposal of excess or waste nitrogen. Glutamate undergoes deamination, an oxidative reaction catalysed by glutamate dehydrogenase leading to alpha-ketoglutarate. In many respects glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells. This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity. The mechanisms of cell death include: Damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+. Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Excitotoxicity due to glutamate occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimer's disease. Glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acid). Glutamate was discovered in 1866 when it was extracted from wheat gluten (from where it got its name. Glutamate has an important role as a food additive and food flavoring agent. In 1908, Japanese researcher Kikunae Ikeda identified brown crystals left behind after the evaporation of a large amount of kombu broth (a Japanese soup) as glutamic acid. These crystals, when tasted, reproduced a salty, savory flavor detected in many foods, most especially in seaweed. Professor Ikeda termed this flavor umami. He then patented a method of mass-producing a crystalline salt of glutamic acid, monosodium glutamate.
Structure
Data?1676999673
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0000148 (Glutamic acid)


  Mrv1652309272007292D          

 10  9  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
 9998.6124 9997.7078    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.8979 9998.1199    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.1831 9997.7078    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9996.4684 9998.1199    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9995.7534 9997.7078    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9996.4684 9998.9448    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.3301 9998.1199    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.0437 9997.7078    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.3301 9998.9448    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.6124 9996.8823    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1  7  1  0  0  0  0
  1 10  1  1  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  3  4  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  4  6  2  0  0  0  0
  7  8  1  0  0  0  0
  7  9  2  0  0  0  0
M  END
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3D MOL for HMDB0000148 (Glutamic acid)

HMDB0000148
     RDKit          3D
L-Glutamic acid
 19 18  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -1.3192   -1.6515   -0.1635 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1499   -0.2836    0.2041 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2393    0.2082   -0.1118 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2999   -0.5796    0.6160 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.6163   -0.0056    0.2287 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.0734   -0.1972   -0.9265 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.3404    0.7388    1.1365 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1277    0.5848   -0.4938 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9453    0.0251   -1.2802 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1342    1.9627   -0.2824 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8337   -2.1900    0.5639 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8666   -1.7364   -1.0417 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.2940   -0.1843    1.3102 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4537    0.1535   -1.1939 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3561    1.2704    0.1782 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2214   -1.6351    0.2902 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1638   -0.5176    1.7231 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.8881    1.5635    0.9193 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9816    2.4738   -0.5511 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  2  0
  5  7  1  0
  2  8  1  0
  8  9  2  0
  8 10  1  0
  1 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  2 13  1  1
  3 14  1  0
  3 15  1  0
  4 16  1  0
  4 17  1  0
  7 18  1  0
 10 19  1  0
M  END
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3D SDF for HMDB0000148 (Glutamic acid)


  Mrv1652309272007292D          

 10  9  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
 9998.6124 9997.7078    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.8979 9998.1199    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.1831 9997.7078    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9996.4684 9998.1199    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9995.7534 9997.7078    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9996.4684 9998.9448    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.3301 9998.1199    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.0437 9997.7078    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.3301 9998.9448    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.6124 9996.8823    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1  7  1  0  0  0  0
  1 10  1  1  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  3  4  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  4  6  2  0  0  0  0
  7  8  1  0  0  0  0
  7  9  2  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0000148

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C5H9NO4/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t3-/m0/s1

> <INCHI_KEY>
WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N

> <FORMULA>
C5H9NO4

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
147.1293

> <EXACT_MASS>
147.053157781

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
5

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
19

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
13.321186860931029

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
(2S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-3.54

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-3.241447075983049

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-0.26

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
-1

> <JCHEM_PKA>
4.27124634014693

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
1.8777772810395925

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
9.536217151721162

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
100.61999999999999

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
31.287699999999997

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
4

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
8.06e+01 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
L-glutamic acid

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
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3D-SDF for HMDB0000148 (Glutamic acid)

HMDB0000148
     RDKit          3D
L-Glutamic acid
 19 18  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -1.3192   -1.6515   -0.1635 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1499   -0.2836    0.2041 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2393    0.2082   -0.1118 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2999   -0.5796    0.6160 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.6163   -0.0056    0.2287 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.0734   -0.1972   -0.9265 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.3404    0.7388    1.1365 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1277    0.5848   -0.4938 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9453    0.0251   -1.2802 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1342    1.9627   -0.2824 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8337   -2.1900    0.5639 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8666   -1.7364   -1.0417 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.2940   -0.1843    1.3102 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4537    0.1535   -1.1939 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3561    1.2704    0.1782 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2214   -1.6351    0.2902 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1638   -0.5176    1.7231 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.8881    1.5635    0.9193 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9816    2.4738   -0.5511 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  2  0
  5  7  1  0
  2  8  1  0
  8  9  2  0
  8 10  1  0
  1 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  2 13  1  1
  3 14  1  0
  3 15  1  0
  4 16  1  0
  4 17  1  0
  7 18  1  0
 10 19  1  0
M  END
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PDB for HMDB0000148 (Glutamic acid)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 27-SEP-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   27-SEP-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0    8664.0778662.388   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0    8662.7438663.157   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0    8661.4098662.388   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0    8660.0748663.157   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  O   UNK     0    8658.7408662.388   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    6  O   UNK     0    8660.0748664.697   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0    8665.4168663.157   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  O   UNK     0    8666.7488662.388   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    9  O   UNK     0    8665.4168664.697   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   10  N   UNK     0    8664.0778660.847   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
CONECT    1    2    7   10                                                  
CONECT    2    1    3                                                       
CONECT    3    2    4                                                       
CONECT    4    3    5    6                                                  
CONECT    5    4                                                            
CONECT    6    4                                                            
CONECT    7    1    8    9                                                  
CONECT    8    7                                                            
CONECT    9    7                                                            
CONECT   10    1                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   10    0   18    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0000148 (Glutamic acid)

COMPND    HMDB0000148
HETATM    1  N1  UNL     1      -1.319  -1.651  -0.164  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    2  C1  UNL     1      -1.150  -0.284   0.204  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  C2  UNL     1       0.239   0.208  -0.112  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  C3  UNL     1       1.300  -0.580   0.616  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C4  UNL     1       2.616  -0.006   0.229  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  O1  UNL     1       3.073  -0.197  -0.926  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    7  O2  UNL     1       3.340   0.739   1.136  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    8  C5  UNL     1      -2.128   0.585  -0.494  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    9  O3  UNL     1      -2.945   0.025  -1.280  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   10  O4  UNL     1      -2.134   1.963  -0.282  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   11  H1  UNL     1      -1.834  -2.190   0.564  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H2  UNL     1      -1.867  -1.736  -1.042  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H3  UNL     1      -1.294  -0.184   1.310  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H4  UNL     1       0.454   0.154  -1.194  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   15  H5  UNL     1       0.356   1.270   0.178  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   16  H6  UNL     1       1.221  -1.635   0.290  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   17  H7  UNL     1       1.164  -0.518   1.723  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   18  H8  UNL     1       3.888   1.564   0.919  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   19  H9  UNL     1      -2.982   2.474  -0.551  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   11   12
CONECT    2    3    8   13
CONECT    3    4   14   15
CONECT    4    5   16   17
CONECT    5    6    6    7
CONECT    7   18
CONECT    8    9    9   10
CONECT   10   19
END
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SMILES for HMDB0000148 (Glutamic acid)

N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O
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INCHI for HMDB0000148 (Glutamic acid)

InChI=1S/C5H9NO4/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t3-/m0/s1
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View in JSmolView NMR AssignmentsView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
ValueSource
(S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acidChEBI
(S)-Glutamic acidChEBI
Acide glutamiqueChEBI
Acido glutamicoChEBI
Acidum glutamicumChEBI
EChEBI
GluChEBI
GlutamateChEBI
GLUTAMIC ACIDChEBI
L-GluChEBI
L-Glutaminic acidChEBI
L-GlutaminsaeureChEBI
(S)-2-AminopentanedioateGenerator
(S)-GlutamateGenerator
L-GlutaminateGenerator
L-GlutamateGenerator
(2S)-2-AminopentanedioateHMDB
(2S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acidHMDB
(S)-(+)-GlutamateHMDB
(S)-(+)-Glutamic acidHMDB
1-Amino-propane-1,3-dicarboxylateHMDB
1-Amino-propane-1,3-dicarboxylic acidHMDB
1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylateHMDB
1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acidHMDB
2-AminoglutarateHMDB
2-Aminoglutaric acidHMDB
2-AminopentanedioateHMDB
2-Aminopentanedioic acidHMDB
a-AminoglutarateHMDB
a-Aminoglutaric acidHMDB
a-GlutamateHMDB
a-Glutamic acidHMDB
AciglutHMDB
alpha-AminoglutarateHMDB
alpha-Aminoglutaric acidHMDB
alpha-GlutamateHMDB
alpha-Glutamic acidHMDB
AminoglutarateHMDB
Aminoglutaric acidHMDB
GltHMDB
GlusateHMDB
GlutHMDB
GlutacidHMDB
GlutamicolHMDB
GlutamidexHMDB
GlutaminateHMDB
Glutaminic acidHMDB
GlutaminolHMDB
GlutatonHMDB
L-(+)-GlutamateHMDB
L-(+)-Glutamic acidHMDB
L-a-AminoglutarateHMDB
L-a-Aminoglutaric acidHMDB
L-alpha-AminoglutarateHMDB
L-alpha-Aminoglutaric acidHMDB
D GlutamateHMDB
Glutamate, potassiumHMDB
Glutamic acid, (D)-isomerHMDB
L Glutamic acidHMDB
D-GlutamateHMDB
L GlutamateHMDB
Aluminum L glutamateHMDB
Aluminum L-glutamateHMDB
L-Glutamate, aluminumHMDB
Potassium glutamateHMDB
2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucoseHMDB
D-GlcNAcHMDB
N-Acetyl-D-glucosamineHMDB
N-AcetylchitosamineHMDB
N Acetyl D glucosamineHMDB
2 Acetamido 2 deoxy D glucoseHMDB
2 Acetamido 2 deoxyglucoseHMDB
2-Acetamido-2-deoxyglucoseHMDB
AcetylglucosamineHMDB
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oylglycineHMDB
N-[(3alpha,5beta,7alpha,12alpha)-3,7,12-Trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]glycineHMDB
N-CholoylglycineHMDB
3a,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholan-24-oylglycineHMDB
3Α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oylglycineHMDB
N-[(3a,5b,7a,12a)-3,7,12-Trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]glycineHMDB
N-[(3Α,5β,7α,12α)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]glycineHMDB
GlycocholateHMDB
Glycine cholateHMDB
Glycocholic acid, sodium saltHMDB
CholylglycineHMDB
Glycocholate sodiumHMDB
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid-24-glycineHMDB
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-N-(carboxymethyl)-5beta-cholan-24-amideHMDB
3Α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholanic acid-24-glycineHMDB
3Α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-N-(carboxymethyl)-5β-cholan-24-amideHMDB
Glycoreductodehydrocholic acidHMDB
GlycylcholateHMDB
Glycylcholic acidHMDB
N-(Carboxymethyl)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-amideHMDB
N-(Carboxymethyl)-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-amideHMDB
N-Choloyl-glycineHMDB
3-Hydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-oneHMDB
Follicular hormoneHMDB
FolliculinHMDB
OestroneHMDB
(+)-EstroneHMDB
1,3,5(10)-Estratrien-3-ol-17-oneHMDB
3-Hydroxy-17-keto-estra-1,3,5-trieneHMDB
3-Hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-oneHMDB
3-Hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-17-oneHMDB
3-Hydroxyoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-oneHMDB
D1,3,5(10)-Estratrien-3-ol-17-oneHMDB
Estrone, (+-)-isomerHMDB
Hyrex brand OF estroneHMDB
Estrone, (9 beta)-isomerHMDB
EstrovarinHMDB
KestroneHMDB
WehgenHMDB
Estrone, (8 alpha)-isomerHMDB
Hauck brand OF estroneHMDB
UnigenHMDB
Vortech brand OF estroneHMDB
alpha,beta-Hydroxypropionic acidHMDB
D-GroAHMDB
R-Glyceric acidHMDB
GlycerateHMDB
(R)-GlycerateHMDB
a,b-HydroxypropionateHMDB
a,b-Hydroxypropionic acidHMDB
alpha,beta-HydroxypropionateHMDB
Α,β-hydroxypropionateHMDB
Α,β-hydroxypropionic acidHMDB
R-GlycerateHMDB
(R)-Glyceric acidHMDB
D-GlycerateHMDB
D-Glyceric acidHMDB
(2R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acidHMDB
(R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acidHMDB
D-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acidHMDB
1-Amino-2-hydroxyethaneHMDB
2-Amino-1-ethanolHMDB
2-Amino-ethanolHMDB
2-Aminoethan-1-olHMDB
2-Aminoethyl alcoholHMDB
2-HydroxyethylamineHMDB
AethanolaminHMDB
AminoethanolHMDB
beta-AminoethanolHMDB
beta-Aminoethyl alcoholHMDB
beta-EthanolamineHMDB
beta-HydroxyethylamineHMDB
ColamineHMDB
ETAHMDB
GlycinolHMDB
HeaHMDB
MEAHMDB
MONOETHANOLAMINEHMDB
b-AminoethanolHMDB
Β-aminoethanolHMDB
b-Aminoethyl alcoholHMDB
Β-aminoethyl alcoholHMDB
b-EthanolamineHMDB
Β-ethanolamineHMDB
b-HydroxyethylamineHMDB
Β-hydroxyethylamineHMDB
2-AminoethanolHMDB
2-EthanolamineHMDB
2-HydroxyethanamineHMDB
Envision conditioner PDD 9020HMDB
EthylolamineHMDB
H-GlycinolHMDB
MonoaethanolaminHMDB
OlamineHMDB
2 AminoethanolHMDB
(3R,4S,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-Carboxy-2,2-difluoro-1-(phosphonooxy)ethoxy]-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylateHMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-b-D-Glucopyranosyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoateHMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-b-D-Glucopyranosyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoic acidHMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoic acidHMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-Β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoateHMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-Β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoic acidHMDB
Chemical FormulaC5H9NO4
Average Molecular Weight147.1293
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight147.053157781
IUPAC Name(2S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid
Traditional NameL-glutamic acid
CAS Registry Number56-86-0
SMILES
N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C5H9NO4/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t3-/m0/s1
InChI KeyWHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glutamic acid and derivatives. Glutamic acid and derivatives are compounds containing glutamic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentGlutamic acid and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Glutamic acid or derivatives
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Amino fatty acid
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Fatty acid
  • Fatty acyl
  • Amino acid
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Organic oxide
  • Primary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Health effectOrganoleptic effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Industrial applicationBiological roleIndirect biological role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility8.57 mg/mLNot Available
LogP-3.69HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Baker125.6430932474
[M-H]-McLean125.83930932474
[M+H]+Baker134.58630932474
[M-H]-Not Available125.3http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000075
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility80.6 g/LALOGPS
logP-3.5ALOGPS
logP-3.2ChemAxon
logS-0.26ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)1.88ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.54ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area100.62 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity31.29 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability13.32 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+130.75731661259
DarkChem[M-H]-125.07731661259
AllCCS[M+H]+133.8332859911
AllCCS[M-H]-126.64232859911
DeepCCS[M+H]+127.75830932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-123.92330932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-161.43830932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+136.84730932474
AllCCS[M+H]+133.832859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+129.832859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+137.632859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+138.632859911
AllCCS[M-H]-126.632859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-128.832859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-131.232859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
L-Glutamic acidN[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O2199.6Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamic acidN[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O1237.6Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acidN[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O1815.6Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
L-Glutamic acid,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O1507.5Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)O1472.0Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,1TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O1533.4Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1518.9Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O1617.6Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,2TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1589.3Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,2TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C1729.5Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1625.8Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1664.7Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1807.9Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,3TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1779.5Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,3TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1718.7Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,3TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1969.6Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,3TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1765.0Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,3TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1708.5Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,3TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1949.2Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,4TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1804.2Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,4TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1776.6Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,4TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1746.4Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O1765.9Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)O1743.3Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O1797.0Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1982.4Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O2094.9Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2043.8Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2168.8Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2272.6Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2259.4Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2195.4Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2433.4Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2321.6Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2263.8Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2427.8Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2289.5Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2256.1Standard polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,4TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2668.5Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,4TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2533.6Standard non polar33892256
L-Glutamic acid,4TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2243.6Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-0002-2950000000-2d6edc93ec5f8dee22232014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-002b-0940000000-4e285988bc537825d94d2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-00dj-9630000000-1ecc76aab862838921392014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-MS (2 TMS)splash10-001i-8910000000-00f65ced0c55aa4ad1692014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-MS (3 TMS)splash10-0032-3980000000-3069de5b6c49e41769682014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-0790000000-79d3e289c22cb183faa12017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-2950000000-2d6edc93ec5f8dee22232017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-002b-0940000000-4e285988bc537825d94d2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-EI-QQ (Non-derivatized)splash10-00ea-6932100000-30d3f5dcc198a5971e962017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00dj-9630000000-1ecc76aab862838921392017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-001i-8910000000-00f65ced0c55aa4ad1692017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0032-3980000000-3069de5b6c49e41769682017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0znc-9300000000-f88e86b78a4cee99a2d42016-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00di-8290000000-f99e03763f636e5578872017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-003r-6900000000-95b0a084dc076f9c7b912012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-001i-9000000000-c37d4c80a14ec029ef632012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-0a59-9000000000-6f1888aa71bcb0adf76c2012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-004j-0900000000-5fa8a338dcd2f2a6bdd22012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-16763200aa07f7629ad42012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-3900000000-d9cfc5187aa799f6f9782012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-10ee9a593e13550bec1c2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-4d045a3c1fc6e56f801b2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-c3c7f8f3754109a0c25b2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-48bfae26c69408b7f0ae2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-82c2a681e7522a7bb1d12012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0905010000-af1c9ec4d0062fa6960e2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-01q9-9700000000-2b967b896a6e489145122012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-1434321646181ea894a02012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-0900000000-11fadb2530828eedad8a2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-006t-0941100000-07d051890cb1d9e5c8562012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-9200000000-f8619d11f1f54d836bb12012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-ea2dd00e79ef06e8dc042012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-0900000000-3e239d4014c95a2ef8732012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-b548959edce39d319cf42012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0900000000-40d901f655797db2cd0f2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-1900000000-f997527a39900ac431c72012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-7900000000-60816f0601a4e6d25ffb2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0007-9000000000-6ee821f657c604d1afca2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glutamic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000t-0900000000-7c02624abe56da9247a22012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, experimental)2021-10-10Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)2021-10-10Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)2021-10-10Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-04Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Mitochondria
  • Lysosome
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cellular Cytoplasm
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Sweat
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Adrenal Medulla
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
  • Kidney
  • Neuron
  • Pancreas
  • Placenta
  • Platelet
  • Prostate
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Spleen
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified15-80 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified10-80 uMInfant (1 - 3 months old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified8-80 uMChildren (3 months - 6 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified8-80 uMChildren (6 - 18 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified2-118 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified114.1 (75.2-203.1) uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not Specified
Normal		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified90 +/- 65 uMInfant (0-1 year old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified33.5 +/- 3.20 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified65.19 +/- 48.71 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified20.00-110.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified46.2 +/- 21.4 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified24.0 (9.0-39.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified176.9(140.6-218.8) uMChildren (1-13 uears old)Both
Normal		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified145.0 +/- 6.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified97.4 +/- 13.2 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified65.0 +/- 35.0 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Not SpecifiedNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified35.0 +/- 14.0 uMChildren (1-13 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified37.0 +/- 14.0 uMChildren (1-13 years old)FemaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified60.0 +/- 16.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified46.0 +/- 13.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified33.0 +/- 12.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
Cellular CytoplasmDetected and Quantified1400 (1200-1600) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.143-0.298 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified40 +/- 52 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified1.8 +/- 0.7 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified7.0 +/- 4.9 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not Specified
Normal		 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.34 +/- 0.14 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified32.6 +/- 6.9 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.44 +/- 0.29 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0-15 uMChildren (0 - 10 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0-15 uMAdolescent (>11 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.62 (0.18-1.15) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedInfant (0-1 year old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedBoth
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedInfant (0-1 year old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
FecesDetected and Quantified484.608 +/- 314.757 nmol/g wet fecesNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
SalivaDetected and Quantified13.6 +/- 2.4 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected and Quantified13.3 +/- 6.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected and Quantified12.6 +/- 6.5 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected and Quantified11.6 +/- 6.9 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected and Quantified>10 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
SweatDetected and Quantified< 10 uMAdult (60 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SweatDetected and Quantified< 10 uMAdult (40 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SweatDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified<4.41 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified<7.013 umol/mmol creatinineAdolescent (13-18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified1.711 (0.329-3.092) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
      Not Available
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified<4.76-217.61 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • David F. Putnam C...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified1.2-2.3 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified<3.85 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified10.0 +/- 3.7 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal
    • Tanaka, T. and Na...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified8.5 (3.3-18.4) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified<27.48 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified37.78 (8.89-66.67) umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
    • West Cadwell, N.J...
    • Basel, Switzerlan...
 details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0 - 29.96 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified2.04 - 29.06 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (1 - 6 months old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0 - 17.98 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (6 months - <1 year old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0 - 17.98 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 2 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0 - 9.95 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (2 - 4 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0 - 9.04 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (4 - 13 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified1.36-14.48 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0 - 11.98 umol/mmol creatinineAdolescent (13 - 21 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0 - 11.98 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>21 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified6.4 (0.6-17.5) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified1.1-1.7 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified13.3351 +/- 13.4213 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified23.86 +/- 46.36 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified32.67 +/- 44.09 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified34.94 +/- 56.53 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified<11 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified<8.60 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified1.38 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified30.83 +/- 23.237 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified1.96-35.26 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified14.25 +/- 10.09 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified11.51 +/- 6.97 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)MaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified6.31 (4.56-16.08) umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
    • Analysis of 40 NI...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified6.87 +/- 3.51 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified72 +/- 36.9 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothHeart Transplant details
BloodDetected and Quantified32.7 +/- 18.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleSchizophrenia details
BloodDetected and Quantified34.7 +/- 26.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothSchizophrenia details
BloodDetected and Quantified97.5 (60-241) uMChildren (1-13 years old)MaleLipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal cancer details
BloodDetected and Quantified48.4 (24.8-87.2) uMInfant (0-1 year old)MaleDicarboxylic Aminoaciduria details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothPancreatic Cancer details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Bothoesophago-gastric cancer details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
gastric cancer		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified109-296 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)MaleN-Acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency details
BloodDetected and Quantified64-173 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Male
N-Acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency		 details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
superficial gastric cancer		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified71.3 +/- 12.3 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Schizophrenia		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified77.93 +/- 39.86 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Schizophrenia		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified251.7(156.9-334.7) uMChildren (1-13 uears old)Both
Environmental enteric dysfunction		 details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Schizophrenia		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified29.8 (27.6-32.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Epilepsy		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified39.7 (36.5-42.9) uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Epilepsy		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified33.18 +/- 11.26 uMElderly (>65 years old)BothAlzheimer's disease details
BloodDetected and Quantified56.6 (44.6-68.6) uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Epilepsy		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified172.0 +/- 6.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Heart failure		 details
Cellular CytoplasmDetected and Quantified2500 (2100-2900) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothAnoxia details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.213-0.539 uMChildren (1-13 years old)FemaleRett syndrome details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.252-0.332 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)FemaleRett syndrome details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0 uMChildren (1-13 years old)MaleLipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified7.5 uMInfant (0-1 year old)MaleDicarboxylic Aminoaciduria details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified26.8 +/- 5.9 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedLeukemia details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified23.6 +/- 8.5 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not Specified
Leukemia		 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.32 +/- 0.09 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothSchizophrenia details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)BothAutism details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Sepsis		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not Specifiedobese details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedCrohns disease details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedUlcerative colitis details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedUnclassified IBD details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Cryptosporidium infection		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)FemaleMyalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Irritable bowel syndrome		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Crohn disease		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Ulcerative colitis		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not Specifiedasymptomatic diverticulosis details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not Specifiedsymptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothCrohns disease details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothUlcerative colitis details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothOral cancer details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)FemaleBreast cancer details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedPancreatic cancer details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedPeriodontal diseases details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothBladder cancer details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.0064 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothADPKD details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal cancer details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Schizophrenia		 details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Bothoesophago-gastric cancer details
UrineDetected and Quantified11.2759 +/- 6.8729 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Eosinophilic esophagitis
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified20.6656 +/- 23.9161 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified2 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)MaleLipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency details
UrineDetected and Quantified21.741 +/- 15.628 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Eosinophilic esophagitis
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Epilepsy
  1. Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. [PubMed:14992292 ]
Schizophrenia
  1. Alfredsson G, Wiesel FA: Monoamine metabolites and amino acids in serum from schizophrenic patients before and during sulpiride treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1989;99(3):322-7. [PubMed:2480613 ]
  2. Do KQ, Lauer CJ, Schreiber W, Zollinger M, Gutteck-Amsler U, Cuenod M, Holsboer F: gamma-Glutamylglutamine and taurine concentrations are decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of drug-naive patients with schizophrenic disorders. J Neurochem. 1995 Dec;65(6):2652-62. [PubMed:7595563 ]
  3. Fukushima T, Iizuka H, Yokota A, Suzuki T, Ohno C, Kono Y, Nishikiori M, Seki A, Ichiba H, Watanabe Y, Hongo S, Utsunomiya M, Nakatani M, Sadamoto K, Yoshio T: Quantitative analyses of schizophrenia-associated metabolites in serum: serum D-lactate levels are negatively correlated with gamma-glutamylcysteine in medicated schizophrenia patients. PLoS One. 2014 Jul 8;9(7):e101652. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101652. eCollection 2014. [PubMed:25004141 ]
  4. Koike S, Bundo M, Iwamoto K, Suga M, Kuwabara H, Ohashi Y, Shinoda K, Takano Y, Iwashiro N, Satomura Y, Nagai T, Natsubori T, Tada M, Yamasue H, Kasai K: A snapshot of plasma metabolites in first-episode schizophrenia: a capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry study. Transl Psychiatry. 2014 Apr 8;4:e379. doi: 10.1038/tp.2014.19. [PubMed:24713860 ]
  5. Yang J, Chen T, Sun L, Zhao Z, Qi X, Zhou K, Cao Y, Wang X, Qiu Y, Su M, Zhao A, Wang P, Yang P, Wu J, Feng G, He L, Jia W, Wan C: Potential metabolite markers of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2013 Jan;18(1):67-78. doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.131. Epub 2011 Oct 25. [PubMed:22024767 ]
Alzheimer's disease
  1. Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG: Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer's disease subjects. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):213-24. Epub 2006 Oct 10. [PubMed:17031479 ]
Heart failure
  1. Norrelund H, Wiggers H, Halbirk M, Frystyk J, Flyvbjerg A, Botker HE, Schmitz O, Jorgensen JO, Christiansen JS, Moller N: Abnormalities of whole body protein turnover, muscle metabolism and levels of metabolic hormones in patients with chronic heart failure. J Intern Med. 2006 Jul;260(1):11-21. [PubMed:16789974 ]
Stomach cancer
  1. Yu L, Aa J, Xu J, Sun M, Qian S, Cheng L, Yang S, Shi R: Metabolomic phenotype of gastric cancer and precancerous stages based on gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Aug;26(8):1290-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06724.x. [PubMed:21443661 ]
N-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency
  1. Guffon N, Vianey-Saban C, Bourgeois J, Rabier D, Colombo JP, Guibaud P: A new neonatal case of N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency treated by carbamylglutamate. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1995;18(1):61-5. [PubMed:7623444 ]
Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria
  1. Melancon SB, Dallaire L, Lemieux B, Robitaille P, Potier M: Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria: an inborn error of amino acid conservation. J Pediatr. 1977 Sep;91(3):422-7. [PubMed:894411 ]
Lipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency
  1. Soreze Y, Boutron A, Habarou F, Barnerias C, Nonnenmacher L, Delpech H, Mamoune A, Chretien D, Hubert L, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschke P, Correia I, Sardet C, Boddaert N, Hamel Y, Delahodde A, Ottolenghi C, de Lonlay P: Mutations in human lipoyltransferase gene LIPT1 cause a Leigh disease with secondary deficiency for pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2013 Dec 17;8:192. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-192. [PubMed:24341803 ]
Anoxia
  1. Zupke C, Sinskey AJ, Stephanopoulos G: Intracellular flux analysis applied to the effect of dissolved oxygen on hybridomas. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Dec;44(1-2):27-36. [PubMed:8579834 ]
Leukemia
  1. Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. [PubMed:15911239 ]
Rett syndrome
  1. Lappalainen R, Riikonen RS: High levels of cerebrospinal fluid glutamate in Rett syndrome. Pediatr Neurol. 1996 Oct;15(3):213-6. [PubMed:8916158 ]
Irritable bowel syndrome
  1. Ponnusamy K, Choi JN, Kim J, Lee SY, Lee CH: Microbial community and metabolomic comparison of irritable bowel syndrome faeces. J Med Microbiol. 2011 Jun;60(Pt 6):817-27. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.028126-0. Epub 2011 Feb 17. [PubMed:21330412 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Weir TL, Manter DK, Sheflin AM, Barnett BA, Heuberger AL, Ryan EP: Stool microbiome and metabolome differences between colorectal cancer patients and healthy adults. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 6;8(8):e70803. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070803. Print 2013. [PubMed:23940645 ]
  2. Ni Y, Xie G, Jia W: Metabonomics of human colorectal cancer: new approaches for early diagnosis and biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res. 2014 Sep 5;13(9):3857-70. doi: 10.1021/pr500443c. Epub 2014 Aug 14. [PubMed:25105552 ]
  3. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  4. Lin Y, Ma C, Liu C, Wang Z, Yang J, Liu X, Shen Z, Wu R: NMR-based fecal metabolomics fingerprinting as predictors of earlier diagnosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2016 May 17;7(20):29454-64. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8762. [PubMed:27107423 ]
  5. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  6. Wang X, Wang J, Rao B, Deng L: Gut flora profiling and fecal metabolite composition of colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals. Exp Ther Med. 2017 Jun;13(6):2848-2854. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4367. Epub 2017 Apr 20. [PubMed:28587349 ]
Autism
  1. De Angelis M, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Giacomo A, Serrazzanetti DI, Cristofori F, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 9;8(10):e76993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076993. eCollection 2013. [PubMed:24130822 ]
Crohn's disease
  1. Bjerrum JT, Wang Y, Hao F, Coskun M, Ludwig C, Gunther U, Nielsen OH: Metabonomics of human fecal extracts characterize ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and healthy individuals. Metabolomics. 2015;11:122-133. Epub 2014 Jun 1. [PubMed:25598765 ]
  2. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
  3. Azario I, Pievani A, Del Priore F, Antolini L, Santi L, Corsi A, Cardinale L, Sawamoto K, Kubaski F, Gentner B, Bernardo ME, Valsecchi MG, Riminucci M, Tomatsu S, Aiuti A, Biondi A, Serafini M: Neonatal umbilical cord blood transplantation halts skeletal disease progression in the murine model of MPS-I. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 25;7(1):9473. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09958-9. [PubMed:28842642 ]
Ulcerative colitis
  1. Bjerrum JT, Wang Y, Hao F, Coskun M, Ludwig C, Gunther U, Nielsen OH: Metabonomics of human fecal extracts characterize ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and healthy individuals. Metabolomics. 2015;11:122-133. Epub 2014 Jun 1. [PubMed:25598765 ]
  2. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
  3. Azario I, Pievani A, Del Priore F, Antolini L, Santi L, Corsi A, Cardinale L, Sawamoto K, Kubaski F, Gentner B, Bernardo ME, Valsecchi MG, Riminucci M, Tomatsu S, Aiuti A, Biondi A, Serafini M: Neonatal umbilical cord blood transplantation halts skeletal disease progression in the murine model of MPS-I. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 25;7(1):9473. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09958-9. [PubMed:28842642 ]
Obesity
  1. Haro C, Montes-Borrego M, Rangel-Zuniga OA, Alcala-Diaz JF, Gomez-Delgado F, Perez-Martinez P, Delgado-Lista J, Quintana-Navarro GM, Tinahones FJ, Landa BB, Lopez-Miranda J, Camargo A, Perez-Jimenez F: Two Healthy Diets Modulate Gut Microbial Community Improving Insulin Sensitivity in a Human Obese Population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Jan;101(1):233-42. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-3351. Epub 2015 Oct 27. [PubMed:26505825 ]
Diverticular disease
  1. Tursi A, Mastromarino P, Capobianco D, Elisei W, Miccheli A, Capuani G, Tomassini A, Campagna G, Picchio M, Giorgetti G, Fabiocchi F, Brandimarte G: Assessment of Fecal Microbiota and Fecal Metabolome in Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease of the Colon. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016 Oct;50 Suppl 1:S9-S12. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000626. [PubMed:27622378 ]
Sepsis
  1. Stewart CJ, Embleton ND, Marrs ECL, Smith DP, Fofanova T, Nelson A, Skeath T, Perry JD, Petrosino JF, Berrington JE, Cummings SP: Longitudinal development of the gut microbiome and metabolome in preterm neonates with late onset sepsis and healthy controls. Microbiome. 2017 Jul 12;5(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s40168-017-0295-1. [PubMed:28701177 ]
Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment
  1. Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Pancreatic cancer
  1. Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
  2. Xie G, Lu L, Qiu Y, Ni Q, Zhang W, Gao YT, Risch HA, Yu H, Jia W: Plasma metabolite biomarkers for the detection of pancreatic cancer. J Proteome Res. 2015 Feb 6;14(2):1195-202. doi: 10.1021/pr501135f. Epub 2014 Dec 8. [PubMed:25429707 ]
Periodontal disease
  1. Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Zeltner R, Schulze BD, Reinhold SW, Deutschmann M, Immervoll AK, Boger CA, Banas B, Eckardt KU, Oefner PJ: Detection of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by NMR spectroscopic fingerprinting of urine. Kidney Int. 2011 Jun;79(11):1244-53. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.30. Epub 2011 Mar 9. [PubMed:21389975 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB00142
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB012535
KNApSAcK IDC00001358
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDC00025
BioCyc IDGLT
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkL-Glutamic_Acid
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound33032
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16015
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDGLU_L
MarkerDB IDMDB00000070
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis Reference Horner, L.; Gross, A. Tertiary phosphines. IV. Use of phosphine imines in causing the introduction of primary amino groups. Liebigs Ann. Chem. (1955), 591 117-34.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Molinari F, Raas-Rothschild A, Rio M, Fiermonte G, Encha-Razavi F, Palmieri L, Palmieri F, Ben-Neriah Z, Kadhom N, Vekemans M, Attie-Bitach T, Munnich A, Rustin P, Colleaux L: Impaired mitochondrial glutamate transport in autosomal recessive neonatal myoclonic epilepsy. Am J Hum Genet. 2005 Feb;76(2):334-9. Epub 2004 Dec 8. [PubMed:15592994 ]
  2. Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
  3. Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. [PubMed:12097436 ]
  4. Zupke C, Sinskey AJ, Stephanopoulos G: Intracellular flux analysis applied to the effect of dissolved oxygen on hybridomas. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Dec;44(1-2):27-36. [PubMed:8579834 ]
  5. Nicholson JK, O'Flynn MP, Sadler PJ, Macleod AF, Juul SM, Sonksen PH: Proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of serum, plasma and urine from fasting normal and diabetic subjects. Biochem J. 1984 Jan 15;217(2):365-75. [PubMed:6696735 ]
  6. Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. [PubMed:15911239 ]
  7. Cynober LA: Plasma amino acid levels with a note on membrane transport: characteristics, regulation, and metabolic significance. Nutrition. 2002 Sep;18(9):761-6. [PubMed:12297216 ]
  8. Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. [PubMed:14992292 ]
  9. Mross K, Maessen P, van der Vijgh WJ, Gall H, Boven E, Pinedo HM: Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of epidoxorubicin and doxorubicin in humans. J Clin Oncol. 1988 Mar;6(3):517-26. [PubMed:3162516 ]
  10. Noorlander CW, de Graan PN, Nikkels PG, Schrama LH, Visser GH: Distribution of glutamate transporters in the human placenta. Placenta. 2004 Jul;25(6):489-95. [PubMed:15135231 ]
  11. Grasselli G, Vigano L, Capri G, Locatelli A, Tarenzi E, Spreafico C, Bertuzzi A, Giani A, Materazzo C, Cresta S, Perotti A, Valagussa P, Gianni L: Clinical and pharmacologic study of the epirubicin and paclitaxel combination in women with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Apr 15;19(8):2222-31. [PubMed:11304775 ]
  12. Frayn KN, Khan K, Coppack SW, Elia M: Amino acid metabolism in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo. Clin Sci (Lond). 1991 May;80(5):471-4. [PubMed:1851687 ]
  13. Alfredsson G, Wiesel FA, Tylec A: Relationships between glutamate and monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in healthy volunteers. Biol Psychiatry. 1988 Apr 1;23(7):689-97. [PubMed:2453224 ]
  14. Zoia C, Cogliati T, Tagliabue E, Cavaletti G, Sala G, Galimberti G, Rivolta I, Rossi V, Frattola L, Ferrarese C: Glutamate transporters in platelets: EAAT1 decrease in aging and in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2004 Feb;25(2):149-57. [PubMed:14749132 ]
  15. Rizzo V, Anesi A, Montalbetti L, Bellantoni G, Trotti R, Melzi d'Eril GV: Reference values of neuroactive amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical and fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A. 1996 Apr 5;729(1-2):181-8. [PubMed:9004939 ]
  16. Agnati LF, Ferre S, Lluis C, Franco R, Fuxe K: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutical implications of intramembrane receptor/receptor interactions among heptahelical receptors with examples from the striatopallidal GABA neurons. Pharmacol Rev. 2003 Sep;55(3):509-50. Epub 2003 Jul 17. [PubMed:12869660 ]
  17. Rutten EP, Engelen MP, Wouters EF, Schols AM, Deutz NE: Metabolic effects of glutamine and glutamate ingestion in healthy subjects and in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jan;83(1):115-23. [PubMed:16400059 ]
  18. Agarwal A, Tripathi LM, Pandey VC: Status of ammonia, glutamate, lactate and pyruvate during Plasmodium yoelii infection and pyrimethamine treatment in mice. J Commun Dis. 1997 Sep;29(3):235-41. [PubMed:9465528 ]
  19. Heuschen UA, Allemeyer EH, Hinz U, Langer K, Heuschen G, Decker-Baumann C, Herfarth C, Stern J: Glutamine distribution in patients with ulcerative colitis and in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis coli before and after restorative proctocolectomy. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2002 Jul;17(4):245-52. Epub 2001 Dec 18. [PubMed:12073073 ]
  20. Olson RC: A proposed role for nerve growth factor in the etiology of multiple sclerosis. Med Hypotheses. 1998 Dec;51(6):493-8. [PubMed:10052870 ]
  21. Nakamura K, Matsumura K, Kobayashi S, Kaneko T: Sympathetic premotor neurons mediating thermoregulatory functions. Neurosci Res. 2005 Jan;51(1):1-8. [PubMed:15596234 ]
  22. Corrie JE, DeSantis A, Katayama Y, Khodakhah K, Messenger JB, Ogden DC, Trentham DR: Postsynaptic activation at the squid giant synapse by photolytic release of L-glutamate from a 'caged' L-glutamate. J Physiol. 1993 Jun;465:1-8. [PubMed:7901400 ]
  23. Reeds PJ, Burrin DG, Stoll B, Jahoor F: Intestinal glutamate metabolism. J Nutr. 2000 Apr;130(4S Suppl):978S-82S. [PubMed:10736365 ]
  24. Smith QR: Transport of glutamate and other amino acids at the blood-brain barrier. J Nutr. 2000 Apr;130(4S Suppl):1016S-22S. [PubMed:10736373 ]
  25. Okumoto S, Looger LL, Micheva KD, Reimer RJ, Smith SJ, Frommer WB: Detection of glutamate release from neurons by genetically encoded surface-displayed FRET nanosensors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jun 14;102(24):8740-5. Epub 2005 Jun 6. [PubMed:15939876 ]
  26. Augustin H, Grosjean Y, Chen K, Sheng Q, Featherstone DE: Nonvesicular release of glutamate by glial xCT transporters suppresses glutamate receptor clustering in vivo. J Neurosci. 2007 Jan 3;27(1):111-23. [PubMed:17202478 ]
  27. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 94 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters

Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Irreversible conversion of delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), derived either from proline or ornithine, to glutamate. This is a necessary step in the pathway interconnecting the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. The preferred substrate is glutamic gamma-semialdehyde, other substrates include succinic, glutaric and adipic semialdehydes.
Gene Name:
ALDH4A1
Uniprot ID:
P30038
Molecular weight:
55117.24
Reactions
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid + NAD(P)(+) + Water → Glutamic acid + NAD(P)Hdetails
L-Glutamic gamma-semialdehyde + NAD + Water → Glutamic acid + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid + NAD + Water → Glutamic acid + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid + NADP + Water → Glutamic acid + NADPH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Enzyme Details
2. Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol.
Gene Name:
GSR
Uniprot ID:
P00390
Molecular weight:
56256.565
Enzyme Details
3. Glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 2
General function:
Involved in metabolic process
Specific function:
Controls the flux of glucose into the hexosamine pathway. Most likely involved in regulating the availability of precursors for N- and O-linked glycosylation of proteins.
Gene Name:
GFPT2
Uniprot ID:
O94808
Molecular weight:
76929.885
Reactions
Glutamine + Fructose 6-phosphate → Glutamic acid + Glucosamine 6-phosphatedetails
Enzyme Details
4. Glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 1
General function:
Involved in metabolic process
Specific function:
Controls the flux of glucose into the hexosamine pathway. Most likely involved in regulating the availability of precursors for N- and O-linked glycosylation of proteins.
Gene Name:
GFPT1
Uniprot ID:
Q06210
Molecular weight:
78805.81
Reactions
Glutamine + Fructose 6-phosphate → Glutamic acid + Glucosamine 6-phosphatedetails
Enzyme Details
5. 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in 4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the conversion of gamma-aminobutyrate and L-beta-aminoisobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde and methylmalonate semialdehyde, respectively. Can also convert delta-aminovalerate and beta-alanine.
Gene Name:
ABAT
Uniprot ID:
P80404
Molecular weight:
56438.405
Reactions
gamma-Aminobutyric acid + Oxoglutaric acid → Succinic acid semialdehyde + Glutamic aciddetails
(S)-beta-Aminoisobutyric acid + Oxoglutaric acid → 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid + Glutamic aciddetails
beta-Alanine + Oxoglutaric acid → Malonic semialdehyde + Glutamic aciddetails
(S)-beta-Aminoisobutyric acid + Oxoglutaric acid → (S)-Methylmalonic acid semialdehyde + Glutamic aciddetails
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. Imai H, Okuno T, Wu JY, Lee TJ: GABAergic innervation in cerebral blood vessels: an immunohistochemical demonstration of L-glutamic acid decarboxylase and GABA transaminase. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1991 Jan;11(1):129-34. [PubMed:1983997 ]
  4. Happola O, Paivarinta H, Soinila S, Wu JY, Panula P: Localization of L-glutamate decarboxylase and GABA transaminase immunoreactivity in the sympathetic ganglia of the rat. Neuroscience. 1987 Apr;21(1):271-81. [PubMed:3299141 ]
  5. Far SR, Millimoria FR: Levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), gamma amino butyric acid transaminase (GABA-T), glutamic acid dehydrogenase (GLDH) and proteins in cerebrospinal fluid of certain neurological disorders. Indian J Med Sci. 1996 Apr;50(4):99-102. [PubMed:8979623 ]
Enzyme Details
6. Tyrosine aminotransferase
General function:
Involved in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase activity
Specific function:
Transaminase involved in tyrosine breakdown. Converts tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. Can catalyze the reverse reaction, using glutamic acid, with 2-oxoglutarate as cosubstrate (in vitro). Has much lower affinity and transaminase activity towards phenylalanine.
Gene Name:
TAT
Uniprot ID:
P17735
Molecular weight:
50398.895
Reactions
L-Tyrosine + Oxoglutaric acid → 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid + Glutamic aciddetails
Phenylalanine + Oxoglutaric acid → Phenylpyruvic acid + Glutamic aciddetails
2-Oxo-4-methylthiobutanoic acid + Glutamic acid → Methionine + Oxoglutaric aciddetails
References
  1. Ozturk M, Chiu CY, Akdeniz N, Jenq SF, Chang SC, Hsa CY, Jap TS: Two novel mutations in the MEN1 gene in subjects with multiple endocrine neoplasia-1. J Endocrinol Invest. 2006 Jun;29(6):523-7. [PubMed:16840830 ]
Enzyme Details
7. Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups
Specific function:
Plays a key role in amino acid metabolism (By similarity).
Gene Name:
GOT1
Uniprot ID:
P17174
Molecular weight:
46247.14
Reactions
L-Aspartic acid + Oxoglutaric acid → Oxalacetic acid + Glutamic aciddetails
Phenylalanine + Oxoglutaric acid → Phenylpyruvic acid + Glutamic aciddetails
L-Tyrosine + Oxoglutaric acid → 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid + Glutamic aciddetails
Cysteic acid + Oxoglutaric acid → 3-Sulfopyruvic acid + Glutamic aciddetails
3-Sulfinoalanine + Oxoglutaric acid → 3-Sulfinylpyruvic acid + Glutamic aciddetails
4-Hydroxy-L-glutamic acid + Oxoglutaric acid → D-4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate + Glutamic aciddetails
References
  1. Yudkoff M, Daikhin Y, Melo TM, Nissim I, Sonnewald U, Nissim I: The ketogenic diet and brain metabolism of amino acids: relationship to the anticonvulsant effect. Annu Rev Nutr. 2007;27:415-30. [PubMed:17444813 ]
Enzyme Details
8. Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups
Specific function:
Catalyzes the irreversible transamination of the L-tryptophan metabolite L-kynurenine to form kynurenic acid (KA). Plays a key role in amino acid metabolism. Important for metabolite exchange between mitochondria and cytosol. Facilitates cellular uptake of long-chain free fatty acids.
Gene Name:
GOT2
Uniprot ID:
P00505
Molecular weight:
47517.285
Reactions
L-Aspartic acid + Oxoglutaric acid → Oxalacetic acid + Glutamic aciddetails
Kynurenine + Oxoglutaric acid → 4-(2-Aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoic acid + Glutamic aciddetails
Phenylalanine + Oxoglutaric acid → Phenylpyruvic acid + Glutamic aciddetails
L-Tyrosine + Oxoglutaric acid → 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid + Glutamic aciddetails
Cysteic acid + Oxoglutaric acid → 3-Sulfopyruvic acid + Glutamic aciddetails
3-Sulfinoalanine + Oxoglutaric acid → 3-Sulfinylpyruvic acid + Glutamic aciddetails
4-Hydroxy-L-glutamic acid + Oxoglutaric acid → D-4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate + Glutamic aciddetails
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. Recasens M, Mandel P: Similarities between cysteinesulphinate transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase. Ciba Found Symp. 1979;(72):259-70. [PubMed:261660 ]
  4. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]
Enzyme Details
9. Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine.
Gene Name:
BCAT1
Uniprot ID:
P54687
Molecular weight:
38644.77
Reactions
Leucine + Oxoglutaric acid → Ketoleucine + Glutamic aciddetails
Isoleucine + Oxoglutaric acid → 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid + Glutamic aciddetails
L-Valine + Oxoglutaric acid → alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid + Glutamic aciddetails
References
  1. Smirnov SV, Samsonova NN, Novikova AE, Matrosov NG, Rushkevich NY, Kodera T, Ogawa J, Yamanaka H, Shimizu S: A novel strategy for enzymatic synthesis of 4-hydroxyisoleucine: identification of an enzyme possessing HMKP (4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-keto-pentanoate) aldolase activity. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2007 Aug;273(1):70-7. Epub 2007 Jun 6. [PubMed:17559390 ]
Enzyme Details
10. Amidophosphoribosyltransferase
General function:
Involved in amidophosphoribosyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
PPAT
Uniprot ID:
Q06203
Molecular weight:
57398.52
Reactions
5-Phosphoribosylamine + Pyrophosphate + Glutamic acid → Glutamine + Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate + Waterdetails

Transporters

Enzyme Details
1. Monocarboxylate transporter 1
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucine, valine and isoleucine, and the ketone bodies acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetate
Gene Name:
SLC16A1
Uniprot ID:
P53985
Molecular weight:
53957.7
References
  1. Tamai I, Sai Y, Ono A, Kido Y, Yabuuchi H, Takanaga H, Satoh E, Ogihara T, Amano O, Izeki S, Tsuji A: Immunohistochemical and functional characterization of pH-dependent intestinal absorption of weak organic acids by the monocarboxylic acid transporter MCT1. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999 Oct;51(10):1113-21. [PubMed:10579682 ]
Enzyme Details
2. Monocarboxylate transporter 10
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Sodium-independent transporter that mediates the update of aromatic acid. Can function as a net efflux pathway for aromatic amino acids in the basosolateral epithelial cells
Gene Name:
SLC16A10
Uniprot ID:
Q8TF71
Molecular weight:
55492.1
References
  1. Kim DK, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Matsuo H, Cha SH, Endou H: Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 18;276(20):17221-8. Epub 2001 Feb 20. [PubMed:11278508 ]
  2. Kim DK, Kanai Y, Matsuo H, Kim JY, Chairoungdua A, Kobayashi Y, Enomoto A, Cha SH, Goya T, Endou H: The human T-type amino acid transporter-1: characterization, gene organization, and chromosomal location. Genomics. 2002 Jan;79(1):95-103. [PubMed:11827462 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 94 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters